地震震级误差对bem>值的影响

地震震级通常因地震目录的不同而不同,由此所计算的b值也不尽一致．当震级的一致性很差时,b值的误差也很大．基于这一原因,通过假定视震级（目录震级）围绕着真震级的正态分布,利用频率 震级关系式（古登堡 里克特公式）求真震级下的b值．根据这一正态分布,对属于同一真震级的地震次数进行计算,从而获得b值精度大大优于用视震级所计算的相应值．为了显示本方法的优点,我们用通常意义下的计算方法和本文所介绍的方法对中国３个不同构造区域进行计算和比较;另外,考虑到大震震级饱和对计算的影响（掉头现象）,我们将数据从M＝7.0处分成两部分．结果表明,用本方法计算的结果优于利用视震级所得到的结      

用数字记录资料测定腾冲火山区的微震参数

利用数字化地震记录资料 ,测定了腾冲火山及其周围地区的地震基本参数 ,结果表明 ,腾冲火山区内的地震活动以微震为主 ,震级多数在 1～ 2 5级之间 ,且地震活动频度低 ;而周围地区的构造地震活动频繁 ,且强度大。在腾冲火山区内地震活动的空间分布也表现出明显的非均匀性 ,以腾冲县城以北 (即 2 5°N以北 )的火山区内地震活动少 ,而县城以南的火山区 (热海热田地区 )微震活动相对多 ,且以微震群的形式发生。根据C F Richter震级标度测定的震级结果 ,火山区的微震活动事件可达 0 4震级单位。震源深度的定位结果给出 ,火山地区的微震震源深度绝大多数在 1～ 6km的范围 ,属于典型的浅源地震 ,而周围地区构造地震的震源深度多多数大于 2 0km。腾冲火山区的微震活动分布、地震强度、及震源深度特征所表现的现象可能与地下岩浆体活动相关 ,显示了与火山热物质孕震机理有关的明显特征。     

1999年11月1日大同-阳高Ms5.4级地震预报纪实

１９９９年１１月１日在山西省大同－阳高地区发生了一次Ｍｓ５．４级地震。这次地震前笔者采用测震学方法对华北地震活动性进行分析研究,结果发现华北缺震曲线,华北地震曲线、频度曲线都出现低值异常。邢台震区月频度曲线６月份小震活动增强。北京地区缺震曲线、频度曲线都出身低值异常。１９９９年６月份在晋冀蒙三省交界地区的大同附近小震活动丛集、频度与蠕变加速,并于９月１２日发生了左云ＭＬ４．７级信号震。据此,笔者在     

Geological and Historical Investigation of the 1650 Mt. Columbo (Thera Island) Eruption and Tsunami, Aegean Sea, Greece

This paper reviews geological andhistorical evidence for the eruption and tsunamireported to have occurred in 1650 in the areaof Mt. Columbo, Thera Island, Greece. The tsunami isbelieved to have been generated as a consequence ofthe eruption of Mt. Columbo 6.5 km NE of Thera Island.Historical documents state that the tsunami flooded upto 2 miles inland and destroyed many engineeredstructures. We present lithostratigraphic evidencefrom one abandoned trench and two trench excavationsclose to sea level in the villages of Kamari andPerissa respectively, which lie well within thereported inundation zone of the tsunami. The resultspresented show that no marine- (tsunami) depositedsediments are preserved at these locations.Alternative hypotheses of discontinuous sedimentdeposition and over estimation of the event magnitudeare considered to explain the observations presentedhere. The data may have important implications for thedevelopment of hazard zone maps, risk assessment,vulnerability reduction and for emergency managementofficials.     

Seismic Hazard of Honduras

In this paper we have described the proceduresused, input data applied and results achieved in ourefforts to develop seismic hazard maps of Honduras.The probabilistic methodology of Cornell is employed.Numerical calculations were carried out by making useof the computer code SEISRISK III. To examine theimpact of uncertainties in seismic and structuralcharacteristics, the logic tree formalism has beenused. We compiled a de-clustered earthquake cataloguefor the region comprising 1919 earthquakes occurringduring the period from 1963 to 1997. Unified momentmagnitudes were introduced. Definition of aseismotectonic model of the whole region under review,based on geologic, tectonic and seismic information,led to the definition of seven seismogenetic zones forwhich seismic characteristics were determined. Fourdifferent attenuation models were considered. Resultsare expressed in a series of maps of expected PGA for60% and 90% probabilities of nonexceedence in a50-year interval which corresponds to return periodsof 100 and 475 years, respectively. The highest PGAvalues of about 0.4g (90% probability ofnon-exceedence) are expected along the borders withGuatemala and El Salvador.     

Optical and infrared photometry of new very low‐mass stars and brown dwarfs in the σ Orionis cluster

We present an RI photometric survey covering an area of 430 arcmin² around the multiple star σ Orionis. The observations were conducted with the 0.8 m IAC‐80 Telescope at the Teide Observatory. The survey limiting R and I magnitudes are 22.5 and 21, and completeness magnitudes 21 and 20, respectively. We have selected 53 candidates from the I vs. R–I colour‐magnitude diagram (I = 14–20) that follow the previously known photometric sequence of the cluster. Adopting an age of 2–4 Myr for the cluster, we find that these objects span a mass range from 0.35 M_⊙ to 0.015 M_⊙. We have performed J‐band photometry of 52 candidates and K_s photometry for 12 of them, with the result that 50 follow the expected infrared sequence for the cluster, thus confirming with great confidence that the majority of the candidates are bona fide members. JHK_s photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) is available for 50 of the candidates and are in good agreement with our data. Out of 48 candidates, which have photometric accuracies better than 0.1 mag in all bands, only three appear to show near‐infrared excesses. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Collapse Velocity and Prompt Explosion for the Presupernova Model Ws15M⊙

For the presupernova model Wsl5M⊙, we re-calculate the electron capture (EC) timescale and hydrodynamical (HD) timescale. We found that the EC timescale can be smaller than the HD timescale in the inner region of the collapse iron core at the moment immediately before the shock wave bounce. The change in these two timescales at the late stage of core collapse is expected to affect the collapse velocity. If the late-time collapse velocity is artificially increased by a small quantity, then prompt explosion of the supernova may happen. Further calculations are still needed to check the plausibility of the acceleration mechanism caused by the faster EC process.     

田湾核电站某工程偏移基桩性状分析

用低应变动测法检测基桩结构完整性，其测试结果是可靠的，但在田湾核电站某子项用低应变对因滑坡而倾斜的基桩进行检测时，却发现同样是偏移较大的基桩，有的基桩断裂、破损，有的完整，从低应变测试结果很难与实际情况统一起来。考虑到基桩不是孤立的，是与地基土结合在一起的，通过利用基坑支护理论及滑坡形成的圆弧滑动面原理，并结合施工的一些实际情况，从理论上分析了滑坡后基桩断裂、破损、倾斜的可能性，从而对偏移基桩性状做出了正确判断，为工程桩的处理提供依据。