低渗透储层微观孔隙结构与可动流体饱和度关系研究

针对常规压汞实验不能区别孔隙和喉道的弊端,应用恒速压汞技术对低渗透储层孔喉进行了定量评价,并深入分析了影响低渗透储层可动流体饱和度的主控因素。结果表明:渗透率越小,喉道半径分布范围越窄,其峰值也越小;反之,渗透率越大,喉道半径分布范围就越宽,其峰值也越大;不同物性的样品其孔隙分布特征不显著,主要体现为喉道分布特征不同。可动流体由孔隙和大喉道中的流体共同组成,与所处空间位置无关,只与孔隙和喉道半径有关。核磁共振可动流体的有效孔隙体积和有效喉道体积的共同下限半径也就是T2弛豫时间所对应的半径。     

煅烧温度对高岭石相转变过程及Si、Al活性的影响

通过对吉林通化煤系高岭石和美国Georgia高岭石在200～1300℃热处理产物的MASNMR谱和XRD,IR,DTA等的研究,主要获得如下结论：①煅烧高岭石的相转变经历了四个阶段——脱羟阶段（约550℃）,偏高岭石阶段（550～850℃）,SiO2分凝（850～1100℃）及Al2O3分凝阶段（950～1100℃）,莫来石、方英石形成阶段（1100℃以上）;②偏高岭石-莫来石的相转变过程中存在SiO2和Al2O3的分凝,其中SiO2的分凝温度是850℃,而Al2O3的分凝温度是950℃;③1100℃开始,由偏高岭石分凝形成的非晶质SiO2一部分和Al2O3-γ发生反应生成了莫来石,一部分结晶为方英石;④煅烧高岭石Si、Al活性总体上随着煅烧温度的增高逐渐增强,其中Al的活性在900℃时达到最高,Si在1100℃时达到最高,当温度超过这两个临界点时,Si、Al活性将迅速下降。     

THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF ALTYN TAGH FAULT SYSTEM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE GROWTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAU

THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF ALTYN TAGH FAULT SYSTEM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE GROWTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAUtheNational(G19980 4 0 80 0 )andthefundofOpeningLaboratoriesofGeomechanics     

Results of an Intentional Introduction of Artemia sinica in the High-Altitude Tibetan Lake Dangxiong Co:On a Base of Surveys in 2011 and 2013

正1 Introduction The human population is projected to reach 9200million by 2050.A fundamental question for science is whether it is possible to increase food production to meet the demands of a human population of that magnitude.It’s possible only to increase an aquaculture production.Cultivation of fish/shrimp larvae is a bottleneck in a cultivation of the different organisms.Live food     

致密气藏成藏动力及成藏模式——以鄂尔多斯盆地L区块山_1储层为例

研究区主力产气层山1储层属于致密气藏,为了摸清有效储集层的形成机制、寻找勘探开发的有利区域,应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、核磁共振、恒速压汞等实验手段开展成藏动力及成藏模式研究。结果表明:早白垩世为天然气充注的主要成藏期,水相封存天然气分子的最小孔喉半径和天然气充注的孔喉半径下限分别为0.093μm和0.25μm,天然气充注的最大毛细管阻力为1.16MPa,流体过剩压力是致密砂岩气藏天然气运移的主要动力和阻力;天然气主要聚集在过剩压力高值背景下的低值区,山1段过剩压力小于6 MPa的区域有利于天然气的聚集,隔夹层密度越小、厚度越薄的区域含气饱和度越高;研究区天然气充注模式存在4种模式,煤层连续发育厚度大、储层整体特征优,源储层间压差大、储层顶面的隔夹层和大段较厚泥岩产生的欠压实过剩压力有利于储层段的天然气保存,成为天然气开发的"甜点"。     

Uranium Behavior in the Process of Primary Pitchblende Ores Alteration by the Post‐ore Hydrothermal Solutions: An Application to Assessment of Uranium Migration from Underground Spent Nuclear Fuel Repositories

It has been shown that the main uranium ore mineral, pitchblende (uranium dioxide), is a natural analog of synthetic uraninite (also uranium dioxide), which constitutes 96% of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Geochronological studies of the U‐Pb isotope systems in unaltered pitchblende from the orebodies reveal that these systems remained completely closed over the entire period (approximately 135 Ma) since the formation of the deposits. The bulk of the primary uranium ores within the Streltsovskoye ore field was influenced to various degrees by post‐ore hydrothermal solutions that led to pitchblende spherulites being replaced by pseudomorphs of an amorphous phase with a U‐Si composition; this phase also re‐precipitated in veinlets proximal to the pitchblende pseudomorphs. A technique specially developed by the authors was used to carry out quantitative counts of the abundance of uranium minerals by calculating the uranium mass balance in one of the orebodies subjected to hydrothermal alteration. The calculations reveal minimal uranium loss from the orebody. Uranium liberated in the process of the pseudomorphic replacement of pitchblende was immediately fixed, in situ, in the newly formed coffinite‐like amorphous U‐Si phase as a result of the development of an efficient geochemical barrier that prevented the long‐distance migration of uranium. In assessing the long‐term safety of underground SNF repositories, the results of the present study give us confidence that SNF uraninite, in terms of the preservation of its integrity as a mineral phase, provides for the reliable long‐term isolation of uranium, transuranium elements, and fission products that are “sealed” in the uraninite matrix. In the case of the mineral transformation of the uraninite matrix by hydrothermal solutions, the liberated uranium would be efficiently immobilized by the newly formed amorphous U‐Si phase.     

新全球动力学理论与壳幔的形成

地壳从地幔中熔融出来是地质学立论的基础 ,也是板块构造运动的基本原因。上述理论阐明不了大陆岩石圈、大陆造山带的组成 ,结构与演化 ,也与当代的基础理论不尽吻合。为此特提出在地球自转速度变化制约下的多层扭动涡旋甩出说———核幔壳“风暴”所引发的热核反应是地球发展与演化的唯一的、统一的“动力”来源 ,也是壳幔形成的根本原因。     

孔隙气压对核废物地质处置热-流-固耦合影响的有限元分析

为考察孔隙气体压力对高放废物地质处置中的热-流-固耦合过程的影响,借用Leiws等建立的可变形孔隙介质中非等温空气流和水流模型,在其水连续性方程中加入了温度梯度引起的水分扩散项,研制出相应的热-水-气-应力耦合弹塑性二维有限元程序。针对一个假定的高放废物地质处置库模型,在相同的初始温度、孔隙水压力和岩体应力条件下,取3种缓冲层中的初始孔隙气体压力,通过数值模拟考察了处置库近场的主应力、饱和度、气和水的流速、温度和孔隙压力的分布与变化。结果显示,当缓冲层中的初始孔隙气压力较高时,其对围岩中应力影响较大。     

仿射秩最小化问题的一种解法

低秩矩阵恢复问题在众多领域有重要应用.由于秩函数的复杂性,通常寻求其替代函数进而求解松弛问题.核范数是普遍使用的替代函数之一,但其恢复能力有限.本文提出了一种新的松弛模型用于求解低秩矩阵恢复问题,并给出了邻近梯度下降算法,证明了算法的收敛性.实验数据表明模型的恢复能力远高于核范数模型.算法对于含噪声的情形同样适用,与核...     

一种求解倾斜滑动断层差应力的方法

构造地质学与其他科学一样以定量化作为其目标之一,构造的应力分析和应变分析是构造地质学定量化发展的手段。在应力分析中,已有一些方法手段确定应力的主方向,但应力大小的计算仍没有得到很好的解决。本文通过固体力学和断裂力学的分析,推导出一套求解正断层和逆断层发生的差应力大小的求解公式。正、逆断层发生时的差应力大小随埋深的增大而增大;在地表条件下,正、逆断层发生时的差应力与岩石初始抗剪强度和岩石的内摩擦角有关。本文中的公式与已有的共轭剪节理求解古差应力大小的公式结合,可做出某个地区的差应力值图,恢复古应力场。