强震下的细木工板建筑材料承压特征分析

木质建筑材料承压特征在强震状态下呈现出较强的非线性特征,对其特征分析难度较大。以细木工板建筑材料为研究对象,提出强震下细木工板建筑材料承压特征分析方法。设计建筑材料承压模型,确定承压特征,据此进行特征提取。模拟强烈震动环境,设计对比实验,结合提取的细木工板建筑材料承压特征,进行精度、适用范围和PS点相位分析,有效避免强震下的非线性对建筑材料特征分析的影响。结果表明,强震下的细木工板建筑材料承压特征分析方法,可在最短时间内定位断裂发生位置、确定断裂位置承压等级,也可对细木工板建筑材料性能进行精准评估。     

Method for evaluation of concrete containment structure subjected to earthquake excitation and internal pressure increase

This study evaluates capabilities of the VecTor4 computer program to assess the seismic performance of a concrete containment structure subjected to both design‐basis and beyond design‐basis earthquakes. Based on a detailed nonlinear finite element model of the nuclear power plant containment structure, the seismic performance in terms of stress and strain distributions, cracks, yielding of reinforcement bars and tendons, as well as overall failure mechanism, is thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the post‐seismic performance of the containment structure subjected to a subsequent pressure increase is also investigated. Consideration is also given to the time‐dependent parameters of creep, shrinkage, and relaxation of prestressing tendons. It is found that the time‐dependent parameters and earthquake have a non‐negligible impact on pressure‐induced structural performance but that this impact can be predicted for a given earthquake. The proposed method is useful for assessing the progressive failure behaviour of containment structure under chain events.     

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2016 MENYUAN M6.4 EARTHQUAKE IN MENYUAN,QINGHAI

On January 21, 2016, a M6.4 earthquake occurred in Menyuan county, Qinghai Province. Its epicenter is located in the Qilian-Hexi Zoulang tectonic zone, which records several moderate-large historical earthquakes. Previous studies on this event are based on geology, remote sensing data and focal mechanism solutions, lacking analysis on its seismogenic structure. In order to study seismogenic fault plane and seismoteconic style of the earthquake, this work uses data of seismic intensity, aftershocks, and geology to address this issue. Furthermore, we calculate Coulomb stress changes imposed by the 1927 Gulang M8 and 1986 Menyuan M6.4 earthquake on the fault plane of the 2016 Menyuan M6.4 earthquake. The results indicate the early two events have posed distinct impacts on two nodal planes:loading or triggering on nodal plane Ⅰ, and unloading or delay on Ⅱ. In some cases such triggering stress is approaching or up to the threshold value of 0.01 MPa. Combining isoseismals, aftershock distribution, geological structure and different Coulomb stress changes aforementioned, the nodal plane Ⅱ of the source model is considered the seismogenic feature. In conjunction with geophysical data, we establish the seismogenic model of the Menyuan earthquake, which is a positive flower structure in a profile, gentle in the upper and steep in the lower, characterized by thrusting in a strike slipping fault system. This is a possible model for thrusting earthquakes generated by strike-slip faults in a compressional tectonic regime.     

Detection of trends in magnitude and frequency of flood peaks across Europe

This study analyses the differences in significant trends in magnitude and frequency of floods detected in annual maximum flood (AMF) and peak over threshold (POT) flood peak series, for the period 1965–2005. Flood peaks are identified from European daily discharge data using a baseflow-based algorithm and significant trends in the AMF series are compared with those in the POT series, derived for six different exceedence thresholds. The results show that more trends in flood magnitude are detected in the AMF than in the POT series and for the POT series more significant trends are detected in flood frequency than in flood magnitude. Spatially coherent patterns of significant trends are detected, which are further investigated by stratifying the results into five regions based on catchment and hydro-climatic characteristics. All data and tools used in this study are open-access and the results are fully reproducible.     

能量震级及其测定

对于地震灾害与风险评估,人们更关注的是地震辐射能量E_S和能量震级M_e的大小,能量震级M_e反映震源动态特征,适合描述地震的潜在破坏性。本文介绍地震波能量E_S和地震矩M₀的物理意义及能量震级M_e的定义和测定方法,并测定得到2017年8月8日四川九寨沟M_S 7.0地震的能量震级M_e为6.3。     

中国地震台网面波震级与矩震级统计关系

基于1990-2016年中国地震台网地震目录中面波震级和全球矩心矩张量（GCMT）项目的矩震级数据,使用加权最小二乘法,给出中国地震台网面波震级与矩震级的统计关系,分析该统计关系与实际数据之间的残差分布,并将其与已有统计关系进行对比,结果表明,本研究所得统计关系式具有较好的无偏性,更能体现中国地震台网面波震级与矩震级的对应关系。     

基于2014年云南地区地震的地震预警参数与快速震级估算研究

根据2014年云南地区M6.1盈江地震、M6.5鲁甸地震和M6.6景谷地震的主震、余震P波初期部分的信息,研究了地震震级快速估算中3个预警参数（最大卓越周期τ_p^max、特征周期τ_c和最大位移幅值P_d）与震级的相关性,提出了云南地区的震级估计模型,并对其进行分析,再和其它地区的震级估计模型进行对比和评价。结果表明:3种方法均能在短时间内（2~4 s）有效地进行震级估算,P_d方法估算效果最优,τ_c方法次优,τ_p^max方法较弱。在震级较大的主震震级估计中,3种方法均没有出现明显的震级低估（震级饱和）现象。对于τ_p^max方法,云南地区的估计模型与南加州地区较为接近,但与四川地区区别较大,可能与该方法的计算稳定性有关;而τ_c方法的估计模型则与四川及世界其它地区均较为接近,更具有普适性和稳定性。在地震预警系统的实际应用中,由于云南地区尚未建立密集的地震监测台网系统,因此在短时间内难以得到较为准确的震中距。与震源距相独立的τpmax和τc两种算法则显得较为实用,其中:τ_c方法略优于τ_p^max方法,同时能较好地满足地震预警系统的精度要求,因此推荐使用τc方法应用于云南地区地震预警系统中的快速震级估算。     

宁夏地区近震震级短周期量规函数的研究与修正

选取宁夏"十五"宽频带数字地震台网2009年1月—2016年12月的1 782个地震事件、7 345条地震记录资料,通过震级残差统计和多元回归分析计算各台站单台震级与台网平均震级的偏差、平均偏差和标准偏差,分析震级偏差的频次分布,修正M_L量规函数,得到宁夏地区的地方性均匀震级量规函数和台基改正量。且采用多元回归分析方法,得到最大地动位移的衰减关系及与之对应的量规函数。结果表明,修正后的震级均方差由原来的0.237 0降低为0.228 9,震级修正最大值为0.51。     

强震作用下核电厂顺层软岩高边坡组合支挡结构抗震性能研究

在综述国内核电厂高边坡案例研究进展的基础上,以某核电厂含泥化夹层顺层软岩高边坡为例,探讨应用多种方法综合分析其在地震作用下的动态放大效应、抗震性能和加固效果的分析思路。首先,基于典型二维计算剖面,采用拟静力法对边坡进行初步加固设计;然后,基于振动台试验和数值计算,研究边坡动态放大效应、支挡结构的动力响应和抗震性能,探讨边坡抗震参数优化取值。研究结果表明:(1)原位边坡坡面的加速度放大系数随高度增加而增大,且泥化夹层饱水后的放大系数要大于饱水前,水平向最大值为1.90;(2)加固后边坡动态放大系数显著降低,水平最大放大系数为1.31,垂直向基本为1.0,锚索抗滑桩以下边坡基本不存在放大效应,说明软岩高边坡采用锚索抗滑桩和锚索框架抗震性能较好;(3)PGA=0.21g时,边坡整体抗震性能较好,仅最顶部锚杆和中部锚索受力超过设计锚固力,分别超过设计值的20%和5%,适当加强即可;(4)数值计算得到的加速度放大系数分布规律与振动台试验结果较为一致,且两者得到的坡顶加速度放大系数也十分接近。研究成果可为核电厂软岩高陡边坡抗震安全评价和工程设计提供技术支持。     

基于场地响应和量规函数对唐山5.1级地震的震级校正

利用2010年以来河北省测震台网记录到的654个M_L≥2.5地震波形数据,使用Moya方法联合反演计算震源谱及各台站场地响应。河北省测震台网实时接收168个台站数据,最终反演得到151个测震台站场地响应结果。结果显示,频率1～20Hz内各台站均存在不同程度的场地放大效应,随着频率的变化,各类基岩台的场地响应变化较为复杂。位于第四系沉积类的台站场地响应在低频段1～8Hz内放大效应显著,在高频段8～20Hz内呈现快速衰减趋势。选取2017年以来河北省测震台网记录的M_L≥2.0地震数据,对各台站单台震级与台网平均震级进行对比统计、分析,最终得出代表河北地区的地方性震级M_L新量规函数。针对2020年7月12日河北唐山5.1级地震,利用本文得到的台站场地响应结果对震级偏大且有放大作用的台站进行放大作用消除,再分别用现用地方性震级M_L量规函数和河北地区地方性震级M_L新量规函数对单台震级进行重新计算,结果显示震级偏差均有所减小。