监理在第二次全国土地调查中的作用

着重论述了第二次全国土地调查工作中项目监理的职责、质量保障措施及实施.通过论述说明第二次全国土地调查工作引入项目监理机制的必要性和作用.     

Spatial distribution of wind erosion and its driving factors in China

Soil erosion by wind means the soil particles are eroded and transported by wind. Fine particles of soil are transported as suspended load and may travel much greater distances than the coarse coarse materials do which are transported as creep and saltation. The finest particles and chemical microsome constitute the aerosol which can even keep for several years in atmosphere from descending. Wind erosion is a serious problem in many parts of the world. In China, up to 2400 km2 of land is dese…     

波流联合作用下深水铰接塔平台的组合共振

研究了深水铰接塔平台在波流联合作用下的组合共振特性。将平台顶部工作单元简化为集中质量,塔柱和浮力仓简化为均匀直杆,建立了铰接塔平台运动分析模型。考虑海流和波浪对平台的作用,应用Morison公式计算铰接塔平台瞬时位置所受水动力,依据拉格朗日原理建立了铰接塔平台的强非线性运动方程。分别考虑波浪作用和波流联合作用,采用数值计算方法,计算了高400m、塔柱直径15m的浮力塔平台的多种组合共振响应。研究表明,波浪作用下平台将出现2vm＋vn组合共振,波流联合作用下平台将出现vm＋vn组合共振、2vm＋vn组合共振。     

构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征

构造环境是天然气水合物富集成藏的重要控制因素,增生楔、断裂体系、褶皱、(泥)底辟、滑塌等特殊构造体是影响天然气水合物成藏的主要地质载体。通过对这些特殊构造体与天然气水合物成藏关系的研究,结合流体活动对水合物形成的影响,总结出陆缘地区有增生楔型、盆缘斜坡型、埋藏背斜型、断褶型、滑塌型及底辟型等六类构造控制型水合物矿藏。南海位于欧亚板块、太平洋板块及印澳板块的交汇处,早期为活动陆缘,晚期演化为被动陆缘,其构造活动具有早期张裂、后期挤压的特点,这既不同于被动陆缘,也有别于活动陆缘,可视为“复合型”大陆边缘,兼具了“被动陆缘沉积速率高、活动陆缘构造活跃”的优点,从而形成了“增生楔型、断褶型、底辟型、滑塌型、盆缘斜坡型”等多种构造控制型水合物矿藏,是“复合型”大陆边缘水合物成藏地质模式的典型代表。     

Paucispecific macroinvertebrate communities in the Upper Cretaceous of El Hassana Dome (Abu Roash,Egypt): Environmental controls vs adaptive strategies

Based on rock and fossil data from the Upper Cretaceous of the El Hassana Dome (Abu Roash, Egypt), factors controlling facies architecture and the nature of biotopes are highlighted. The succession formed on a non-rimmed shelf, the architecture of which varied from an inner to an outer shelf setting upsection. Macrobenthic biotopes are reconstructed and their palaeoecological significance assessed using a novel ternary plot. Based on diversity and community structure (770 specimens assigned to 28 bivalve and gastropod taxa), four paucispecific associations are identified. These are: 1. the ‘Cucullaea’ Assemblage, a low-energy, soft-substrate, oligotrophic outer shelf environment with reduced terrigenous input dominated by infaunal bivalves and hexactinellid sponges; 2. the ‘Plicatula’ Assemblage, a low-energy, restricted inner shelf lagoonal setting with soupy substrates and dysoxia below the sediment-water interface dominated by plicatulid and ostreid bivalves, 3. the ‘Durania’ Assemblage, a high-energy, high-temperature, shoal environment dominated by elevator rudists with minor numbers of echinoids, corals and bryozoans, which together form several biostromes. and 4. The ‘Trochactaeon’ Assemblage, which share the same characteristics of the ‘Durania’ Assemblage. The paucispecific nature of these biotopes is indicative of different stress factors. Consequently, the predominant taxa exhibit different degrees of adaptive strategies. In addition to global sea level, local tectonics have significantly affected facies distribution and biotope structure. The shallower facies during the early Turonian and the dysoxia spanning the Coniacian–Santonian were linked to synsedimentary tectonics, which formed many barriers and led to circulation restrictions.     

Comparison of adaptive structural damage identification techniques in nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems

Early structural damage identification to obtain an accurate condition assessment can assist in the reprioritization of structural retrofitting schedules in order to guarantee structural safety. Nowadays, seismic isolation technology has been applied in a wide variety of infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, etc., and the health conditions of these nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems have received considerable attention. To effectively detect structural damage in vibration isolation systems based on vibration data, three time-domain analysis techniques, referred to as the adaptive extended Kalman filter （AEKF）, adaptive sequential nonlinear least-square estimation （ASNLSE） and adaptive quadratic sum-sqnares error （AQSSE）, have been investigated. In this research, these analysis techniques are compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and efficiency, for structural damage detection using experimental data obtained through a series of laboratory tests based on a base-isolated structural model subjected to E1 Centro and Kobe earthquake excitations. The capability of the AEKF, ASNLSE and AQSSE approaches in tracking structural damage is demonstrated and compared.     

1998年11月19日云南宁蒗6.2级地震前地震活动性特征

１９９８ 年１１ 月１９ 日在云南省宁蒗发生了一次 Ｍ６２ 级强烈地震。该次地震前, 震中及邻区地震活动明显增强, 累计频度和应变能释放随时间从线性缓慢增加变为非线性快速增加, 出现孕震空区、多项地震活动参数异常。此外, 地震活动性诸多参数在地震活动处于线性缓慢变化的时间段内, 在空间分布上表现为随机的现象; 在地震活动处于非线性快速变化的时间段内, 这些参数的空间分布表现出向未来震中收缩、集中的明显特征。     

地质标准物质中痕量元素量值溯源性探讨

标准物质的特性量值应该具备溯源性。然而地质标准物质溯源性的建立往往是很困难的。对痕量元素量值溯源的若干难点进行了讨论;提出了建立标准物质研制的质量体系的建议并就相关问题进行了阐述;应重视量值的信息反馈,提高定值的质量。     

黔北煤田长岗向斜煤层气富集的构造控制作用

根据黔北煤田长岗向斜的煤田地质钻孔及相关测试资料,分析了构造作用对该区煤层气富集的影响。研究表明,长岗向斜轴部为主要的煤层气富集有利区,煤层甲烷含量在20 m³/t以上,且总体表现为由向斜轴部到平缓翼再到边浅部陡坡带,煤层气含量逐渐降低;同时向斜轴部转折部位构造应力相对复杂,以张性应力为主,导致煤层甲烷含量较低,为20 m³/t以下,此外,该区发育的正断层同样造成煤层甲烷逸散,最低为10 m³/t左右。由断层带至断层两侧,甲烷含量逐渐上升。构造作用对煤层气富集的影响可为长岗向斜煤层气进一步的勘探开发提供基础依据。     

非线性大气动力学的进展

总结了自新中国成立以来中国科学院大气物理研究所在非线性大气动力学领域的进展,其中主要介绍了在非线性适应过程、非线性稳定与不稳定、全局分析理论、可预报性、低阶谱方法与多平衡态动力学、非线性波动、波流相互作用、阻塞高压非线性动力学、中小尺度非线性动力学等几个方面的研究成果及最新进展.