EH4电磁成像系统在莱州湾地区探测海水入侵界限的调查研究

利用EH4电磁成像系统在莱州湾地区探测了海水入侵界限,结果表明,EH4电磁成像视电阻率反演断面图不仅能反映地下咸淡水水体层位垂向的厚度变化、横向上延伸情况,建立各层位的相互关系,还可以反映层位的埋深及起伏形态,而且根据该断面图勾划出来的咸淡水分界线与水文地质调查结果基本吻合,说明这种方法在该地区有效而可行。EH4电磁成像系统对探测海水入侵具有简单,快速等特点,应用前景很好,值得推广。     

逆时偏移中的归一化加权互相关成像条件及应用

成像条件是决定声波方程叠前逆时深度偏移效果的重要因素。常规的归一化互相关成像条件能补偿深部地层的反射波能量,但无法压制地震波逆时偏移过程中产生的偏移噪声。针对归一化互相关成像条件的主要缺陷,从二维声波方程出发,在交错网格空间中推导了声波方程逆时延拓的高阶有限差分格式和PML吸收边界条件,进而在对常规互相关成像条件分析的基础上对其进行改进,给出了一种加权互相关成像条件,即在成像过程中利用炮检波场的夹角进行加权校正,以实现只利用炮点下行波场与接收点上行波场进行成像的目标。模型数据和实测资料偏移结果表明,归一化加权互相关成像条件成像效果明显优于常规归一化互相关成像条件。     

基于裂步Fourier法的探地雷达数值模拟及偏移成像

从电磁场基本理论出发,利用裂步Fourier法推导出了水平层状介质中频率—波数域电场分量的波场外推公式,通过对设计的钢筋展布模型和衬砌厚度模型的数值模拟和偏移成像结果分析可以得出:裂步Fourier法不但可以实现二维非均匀介质中探地雷达正演模拟及偏移成像,而且具有编程易于实现、计算量小的优点。通过工程实例验证,进一步说明了裂步Fourier法偏移成像的有效性和实用性。     

TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS EFFICIENCY：MID-LEVEL VERSUS BOTTOM VORTEX

Cloud resolving Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model simulations are used to investigate tropical cyclone(TC)genesis efficiency in an environment with a near bottom vortex(EBV)and an environment with a mid-level vortex(EMV).Sensitivity experiments show that the genesis timing depends greatly on initial vorticity vertical profiles.The larger the initial column integrated absolute vorticity,the greater the genesis efficiency is.Given the same column integrated absolute vorticity,a bottom vortex has higher genesis efficiency than a mid-level vortex.A common feature among these experiments is the formation of a mid-level vorticity maximum prior to TC genesis irrespective where the initial vorticity maximum locates.Both the EMV and EBV scenarios share the following development characteristics:1)a transition from non-organized cumulus-scale(~5 km)convective cells into an organized meso-vortex-scale(~50 to 100 km)system through upscale cascade processes,2)the establishment of a nearly saturated air column prior to a rapid drop of the central minimum pressure,and 3)a multiple convective-stratiform phase transition.A genesis efficiency index(GEI)is formulated that includes the following factors:initial column integrated absolute vorticity,vorticity at top of the boundary layer and vertically integrated relative humidity.The calculated GEI reflects well the simulated genesis efficiency and thus may be used to estimate how fast a tropical disturbance develops into a TC.     

Multi-frequency synthetic-aperture imaging with a lightweight ground penetrating radar system

The detection of buried objects, particularly hazardous waste containers and unexploded ordnance (UXO), has gained significant interest in the Unites States in the late 1990s. The desire to remediate the thousands of sites worldwide has become an increasing concern and the application of radar to this problem has received renewed attention. The US Department of Energy's Special Technologies Laboratory (STL), operated by Bechtel Nevada, has developed several frequency-modulated, continuous-wave (FM-CW) ground penetrating radar (GPR) units. To meet technical requirements for higher-resolution data, STL and the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) is investigating advanced GPR hardware, signal processing, and synthetic-aperture imaging with the development of an innovative system. The goal is to design and fabricate a lightweight, battery-operated unit that does not require surface contact, can be operated by a novice user, and can achieve improved resolution. The latter is accomplished by using synthetic-aperture imaging, which forms the subsurface images by fully utilizing the data sequences collectively along a scan path. We also present the backward propagation algorithm as the basic structure of the multiple-frequency tomographic imaging technique, and the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) method which can be described as a degenerated case of the model where the computation procedure is approximated under the narrow-beam assumption.     

The M 4 Core Project with HST: I. Overview and first epoch

We present an overview of the ongoing Hubble Space Telescope large program GO‐12911. The program is focused on the core of M 4, the nearest Galactic globular cluster, and the observations are designed to constrain the number of binaries with massive companions (black holes, neutron stars, or white dwarfs) by measuring the “wobble” of the luminous (mainsequence) companion around the center of mass of the pair, with an astrometric precision of ∼50 µas. The high spatial resolution and stable medium‐band PSFs of WFC3/UVIS will make these measurements possible. In this work we describe (i) the motivation behind this study, (ii) our observing strategy, (iii) the many other investigations enabled by this unique data set, and which of those our team is conducting, and (iv) a preliminary reduction of the first‐epoch dataset collected on 2012 October 10. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于多级次流动单元的砂砾岩储层分类渗透率评价方法——以陆丰油田古近系文昌组W53油藏为例

中国南海东部海域陆丰油田古近系文昌组砂砾岩储层具有岩性复杂、孔隙度低、孔隙结构非均质性较强等特征.不同类型储层渗流特征差异明显,传统的孔渗模型精度难以满足生产开发需要.流动单元能有效刻画储层内部渗流特征,但单纯依据流动单元指标进行流动单元划分就会出现错划的现象.文昌组储层非均质性由宏观到微观具有层次性,综合地质、测井、...     

基于支持向量机的2021年2月13日日本福岛近海Mj7.3级地震震级估算

2021年2月13日日本福岛县近海发生M_j7.3级地震,触发了日本气象厅地震预警系统,系统在首台触发后5.6s发出震级为M_j6.3级的预警第1报,首台触发后10s对公众发布警报、预警震级为M_j6.4级。基于多类型特征参数输入的机器学习支持向量机震级估算模型（SVM-M）,利用2021年2月13日日本福岛县近海M_j7.3级地震获取的日本K-net强震动观测数据,分析SVM-M模型在该次地震中首台触发初期（首台触发后1~10s）的震级估算效能。结果表明:SVM-M震级估算模型,在首台触发后1s即可给出M_j6.3级的震级估算结果,与日本气象厅在首台触发后5.6s发布的预警第1报震级相同;随着时间窗的增加,首台触发后5s和10s,SVM-M模型的震级估算结果分别是M_j6.7级和M_j6.6级,均大于日本气象厅首台触发后10s对公众发布警报的预警震级。该次地震的离线模拟结果表明:SVM-M模型可在地震发生初期有效提高地震预警震级确定的准确性和时效性。     

巴塘地震台近震弱S波震级偏差研究

分析了2009年至2012年巴塘台测定的M_L≥3.0的近震共540个,计算出了它们与中国地震台网中心(CSN)发布的M_L震级之间的偏差,找出了巴塘台弱S波出现的区域。用相同标准震级,相等震中距的方法,找出了正常波形记录与弱S波波形记录之间的振幅比,计算出了弱S波地震的震级偏差程度,发现该台记录到的弱S波的比例高达46.5%,弱S波的震级偏差达0.7,其结果有利于地震震级测定的准确性.