Evolution of a Holocene delta driven by episodic sediment delivery and coseismic deformation, Puget Sound, Washington, USA

Episodic, large‐volume pulses of volcaniclastic sediment and coseismic subsidence of the coast have influenced the development of a late Holocene delta at southern Puget Sound. Multibeam bathymetry, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and vibracores were used to investigate the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of the Nisqually River delta. Two fluvial–deltaic facies are recognized on the basis of GPR data and sedimentary characteristics in cores, which suggest partial emplacement from sediment‐rich floods that originated on Mount Rainier. Facies S consists of stacked, sheet‐like deposits of andesitic sand up to 4 m thick that are continuous across the entire width of the delta. Flat‐lying, highly reflective surfaces separate the sand sheets and comprise important facies boundaries. Beds of massive, pumice‐ and charcoal‐rich sand overlie one of the buried surfaces. Organic‐rich material from that surface, beneath the massive sand, yielded a radiocarbon age that is time‐correlative with a series of known eruptive events that generated lahars in the upper Nisqually River valley. Facies CF consists of linear sandbodies or palaeochannels incised into facies S on the lower delta plain. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments in the sandy channel‐fill deposits also correlate in time to lahar deposits in upstream areas. Intrusive, sand‐filled dikes and sills indicate liquefaction caused by post‐depositional ground shaking related to earthquakes. Continued progradation of the delta into Puget Sound is currently balanced by tidal‐current reworking, which redistributes sediment into large fields of ebb‐ and flood‐oriented bedforms.     

A site effect study in the Verchiano valley during the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) earthquakes

Strong site effects were observed during the two M _W 5.7 and M _W 6.0 main shocks of the Colfiorito seismic crisis which occured on September 26, 1997 in Umbria-Marche (Central Italy).The most obvious indications of these effects are the dramatic differences in damage shown by buildings of similar construction in neighboring villages.Such observations were specifically made in the Verchiano valley in the fault area, 15 km south of Colfiorito where the Verchiano village and the Colle and Camino hamlets were heavily damaged (MCS intensity IX-X) since the first main shock of 1997/09/26,while in contrast, the Curasci village located 2 km eastwards remains almost intact.In order to study the anomalous ground motion amplifications in this area, an array of 11, 3-components seismo- and accelero-meters was set up during the 1997/10/20-24 period, extending from the western side of the valley, up to the top of Mount San Salvatore, going accross the Colle and Curasci hamlets.During the experiment, 67 aftershocks enlightened the valley from the Colfiorito (10 km north) and the Sellano (6 km south) active swarms.Seismic refraction experiments were conducted at the same time in the 500 m wide, 1500 m long Verchiano valley in order to determine the thickness and main characteristics of the alluvial infilling.The main results are: (i) compared to the valley side ground motion, and for all the events, recordings in the central part of the valley (piana di Verchiano) show relative amplification of 10 with a clear lengthening of the seismogram duration by a factor of 2 – (ii) broad band relative amplification of 6–8 is also clearly identified at the top of the Mount San Salvatore overhanging the valley – (iii) any of the site effect measurements done explains by itself the strongly contrasted damage observed at Colle and Curasci: i.e. the modification of the near-field radiation pattern by interaction with the free heterogeneous surface may have induced local shadow zones that saved Curasci.     

The confidence evaluation for airborne GPS data

l lntroductionIn the winter Of l989 Wuhan Technical Universi-ty of Surveying and Mapping COntracted withTrimble Navigation Ltd. to purchase fOur TrimbIe4000SST receivers. They were required tO suit theaeriaI phWetric work without intreducing avelocity limitation. In February, l993 twO of thereceivers were uPgraded to provide two eventrnarker plugfords and one pulse Per second(lPPS) output axkets. The uPgradd receivers canincormrate external event markers, e. g. the shutter.oPening …     

Wavefield features of teleseismic receiver function in laterally inhomogeneous media

IntroductionSince1980(s,theteleseismicreceiverfunctionhasbeenbroadlyappliedtoexploringthecrustalanduppermantlestructure.Thatthismethoddrawssomanyattentionsisnotonlybecauseitscheapercostandhighverticalresolution,butalsobecauseitcanbeusedforexploringthelateralvariationofthecrustalstructure.IntheUSnationalresearchprogramofthecontinentaldynamicsmuchemphasiswasgiventothereceiverfunctionmethod(Phinney,1989).Uptonow,the1-Dreceiverfunctioninversiontechniquehasbecomesophisticatedandmanypracticalresul…     

THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF NORTHEASTERN TIBET: A RESULT OF RECEIVER FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR TELESEISMIC P WAVEFORM

THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF NORTHEASTERN TIBET: A RESULT OF RECEIVER FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR TELESEISMIC P WAVEFORM     

Imaging crustal discontinuities and the downgoing slab beneath western Crete

The migration of teleseismic receiver functions yields high-resolution images of the crustal structure of western Crete. Data were collected during two field campaigns in 1996 and 1997 by networks of six and 47 short-period three-component seismic stations, respectively. A total of 1288 seismograms from 97 teleseismic events were restituted to true ground displacement within a period range from 0.5 to 7 s. The application of a noise-adaptive deconvolution filter and a new polarization analysis technique helped to overcome problems with local coda and noise conditions. The computation and migration of receiver functions results in images of local crustal structures with unprecedented spatial resolution for this region. The crust under Crete consists of a continental top layer of 15–20 km thickness above a 20–30 km thick subducted fossil accretionary wedge with a characteristic en echelon fault sequence. The downgoing oceanic Moho lies at a depth of 40–60 km and shows a topography or undulation with an amplitude of several kilometres. As a consequence of slab depth and distribution of local seismicity, the Mediterranean Ridge is interpreted as the recent accretionary wedge.     

Seabat8125换能器船体坐标量取误差对测深结果影响

探究了Seabat8125多波束系统传感器之间的相对位置关系的量取误差对测深数据的影响。对换能器的垂直、水平坐标的量取偏差导致的测深数据的平面定位、水深值的偏差进行了多次数据试验。并结合旋转和平移矩阵来解释了这些偏差如何被带入测深结果中,同时也给出了其对测深结果影响的估值公式。     

多波束.XTF数据结构与.ALL数据结构剖析

通过对SeaBat系列多波束.XTF数据结构和EM系列多波束.ALL数据结构进行剖析,对两种数据结构编码特点、数据记录特点、数据存储方式等进行了比较,明确了这两种多波束系统原始数据的编码规则以及各参数的含义,并成功利用Visual C++编程平台实现了对这两种原始数据的提取。     

基于数据融合的增强系统参考站外频标的设计

讨论了增强系统参考站的设备组成和运行,分析了参考站接收机授时信息的优缺点,设计了GPS授时信息1PPS与铷原子钟输出数据的融合方案,在现有设备性能不变的基础上,使用新设计的数据融合方案,参考站外频标的短稳性能和长稳性能都得到了显著改善,实测试指标达到0．1μs／A,1ms／年,接近小铯钟的水平。     

一种有效的GNSS接收机载噪比估计方法

提出了一种I支路功率方差比方法(I branch power variance ratio,IBPVR),并详细推导了另外3种载噪比估计方法(NWPR、MM、SNV),比较了这4种方法在强信号和弱信号情况下的跟踪性能。实验结果显示,在载噪比超过50dBHz时,NWPR方法与SNV方法并未出现饱和现象,SNV方法在弱信号情况下会产生估计偏差,NWPR与IBPVR方法的估计性能比较好。