图形化方式的测量平差程序开发与研究

采用Autolisp[1]及VC++[2]语言编程,按照测量平差[3]的传统模式,在计算机屏幕上绘制控制网草图,用类似于在草图上标注已知数据和观测数据的形式输入数据,然后进行平差计算。程序的使用直观方便,操作简单,容易掌握。本程序能对各种类型的控制网进行严密平差及方差分量估计,并输出平差后的各种信息。     

Evaluating the influence of mixture composition on the kinetics of salt damage in wall paintings using time lapse video imaging with direct data annotation

This paper presents an examination of the timescale of phase transition behaviour of a series of salts known to cause damage to wall paintings and other cultural property. The rate of deliquescence and crystallisation of single salts (nitromagnesite and halite) under different RH regimes, and the extent to which this was affected when mixed with other salts (niter, nitratite and gypsum), was investigated. The study was conducted using simple conventional techniques (mass measurements over time) and also using an innovative new method: timelapse video imaging with online data annotation. The results demonstrate the synergy gained from combining video imaging with environmental data in reference to time in the study of salt phase changes: where it revealed new information concerning the kinetics of deliquescence and crystallisation. The implications of these results for the implementation of environmental control measures within historic buildings are discussed.

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Robert W. Christopherson (ed.) Elemental Geosystems Gertjan Dijkink National Identity and Geopolitical Visions: Maps of Price and Pain David Farrell Krell Architecture: Ecstasies of Space, Time and the Human Body Victor L. Mote Siberia: Worlds Apart Richard Pillsbury No Foreign Food: The American Diet in Time and Place Grant R. Staff Changing Cape Town: Urban Dynamics, Policy, and Planning During the Political Transition in South Africa David Briggs, Peter Smithson, Kenneth Addison, and Ken Atkinson Fundamentals of the Physical Environment H.J. DeBlij and Peter O. Miller Physical Geography of the Global Environment Chris Park The Environment: Principles and Applications Alan Strahler and Arthur Strahler Introducing Physical Geography     

沙地节水渗灌自动控制系统的研制

文章介绍了一种沙地节水渗灌自动控制系统装置,主要叙述了渗灌装置的结构组成与连接方法,以及系统的软、硬件组成与仪器功能指标,整个系统设计简洁,成本低,可靠性好,能自动监测沙地水分上下限和渗坛水位上下限,根据所需信息系统自动向管道供水,大幅度减轻操作人员的劳动强度。采用微机技术有利于农业现代化管理,是我国节水渗灌农业值得推广的自动化控制系统     

尾矿砂沙害形成机理与工程治理措施的选择

尾矿砂沙害的形成过程,包含着尾矿砂强烈风蚀、尾矿砂输送搬运与堆积,以及尾矿砂吹扬在大气中的粉沙悬移等3个过程。上述3个过程对土地、大气、水体、道路、建筑物及农作物造成严重危害,甚至影响人身健康。研究结果表明,尾矿砂的治理,需采用固结沙面、切断沙源,即消除灾害源的方法。固结沙面的材料,宜采用坚固耐久、抗风蚀力强、具有较好蓄水保墒性能,以及保温能力高、且廉价的戈壁沙砾石。沙砾石覆盖之后,不仅固结了沙面,切断了沙源,而且为天然植物种子的散落和幼苗发育创造了稳定条件,加快了天然植物衍生。覆盖后的第一年雨季后,植物盖度到达了15%~30%,局部地段高达50%。     

中国近海浮游介形类大尺度生态研究Ⅱ.浮游介形类与水系的相关研究

中国近海均不同程度地受控于黑潮,此外,对马暖流、黄海暖流、黄海混合水、台湾暖流、粤东沿岸流、闽渐沿岸流、南海暖流以及大陆径流也是左右海洋环境变异的主要因素,尽管后者各流系的影响往往表现出明显的区域性质,但其影响力有时是强大的,并成为介形类分布的主要制约因素。本文着重阐明相关性明确的夏、冬两季各流系对浮游介形类的调控作用。     

梵净山地区板溪群红子溪组钙质岩系中大理岩透镜体成因探讨

梵净山地区板溪群红子溪组钙质岩系中广泛发育大理岩透镜体。形成此岩系的控制因素可能为振荡频繁的构造运动或气候条件。通过仔细观察,发现大理岩透镜体有条带状、似层状断续产出2种,初步认为透镜体是成岩过程中差异性压实作用的产物,不是某种环境沉积的透镜体。     

GPS网与常规网三维联合平差的一种简便模型

提出了GPS控制网与常规控制网三维联合平差时分别固定平面坐标与高程的简便方法,从而简化了三维联合平差的模型,并给出算例验证了模型。     

Bivalves,Tributyltin and Green Tides: Ecosystem-Level Impact?

Filter feeders such as bivalves are increasingly being shown to control phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic estuaries. The possibility of such a top-down effect on macroalgae, however, has not been considered previously even though most green tide algal species reproduce by pelagic swarmers that are equivalent to phytoplankton. This work presents circumstantial evidence from an oyster-culturing French embayment where, despite eutrophication since the mid-1970s, macroalgae did not proliferate until 1982. This was also the year when tributyltin pollution from antifouling paints dropped substantially following a world-wide prime ban that was implemented to save the shellfish industry. From the recorded evolution of the oyster stock, it is shown how tributyltin reduced the bivalve filter capacity within those years and resulted in Enteromorpha swarmers being much more likely to germinate and bloom. This suggests that the green tides had been successively contained by the biological activity and the chemical pressure. The effects of the latter on the former would thus have cascaded to ecosystem-level changes, and so the functional role of bivalves should be evaluated and preserved wherever relevant.