用曲波变换消除VSP数据处理中的空间假频与采样不规则

由于条件与经费的限制,在实际地震资料采集过程中,常常会遇到获得的地震资料较稀疏或不规则,导致空间假频、采样不规则的问题,影响地震资料的成像效果。可利用地震道空间插值来解决这些问题,提升地震数据处理结果品质。曲波变换的基函数是具有倾角、频率、时间三方面同时局部化的函数,它可以对空间信号做稀疏表达,适合地震资料的插值处理。本文采用该方法对理论模型数据和实际VSP数据作插值处理,解决不规则采样、空间假频问题。实际应用表明该方法精度高,插值准确,处理结果的振幅和同相轴连续性好。     

Application of MPA to estimate probability of collapse of structures

This paper develops a modal pushover analysis‐ (MPA) based approximate procedure to quantify the collapse potential of structural systems. The computationally demanding incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of the structural system is avoided by MPA of the structure in conjunction with empirical equations for the collapse strength ratio for the first‐mode single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDF) system; higher modes of vibration play essentially no role in estimating the ground motion intensity required to cause collapse of the structure. Presented are collapse fragility curves for 6‐, 9‐, and 20‐story regular special moment‐resisting teel frames computed by the exact and approximate procedures, demonstrating that the MPA‐based approximate procedure requires only a small fraction (1% in one example) of the computational effort inherent in exact IDA and still achieves highly accurate results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

火山"熔岩流气泡古高度计"及其在云南腾冲火山区的应用

通过对火山熔岩流及其气泡特征的研究能够确定熔岩流喷发时的古高度,本文将这一方法称为火山“熔岩流气泡古高度计”.“熔岩流气泡古高度计”是在实地测量熔岩流厚度和实验室对熔岩流顶底气泡体积精确测定的基础上,利用流体力学原理和气体状态方程,通过计算古大气压强,最终获得火山喷发时的古高度.由于火山岩是开展同位素测年的理想材料,并且利用熔岩流计算古高度所需的参数(熔岩流厚度和气泡体积)不受古气候等因素(温度、降雨量等)影响,因此,这一方法以其可靠的年龄和独立的计算参数明显区别于其它古高度计.“熔岩流气泡古高度计”核心技术包括:(1)熔岩流的挑选与厚度测量;(2)熔岩流底部和顶部气泡体积的计算.中等规模、具简单冷凝历史,并且厚度稳定的偏基性熔岩流,是开展古高度计算的理想对象.熔岩流气泡体积的测试手段包括注胶、岩石抛光-扫描、体视学转换和三维CT扫描4种方法.“熔岩流气泡古高度计”最终计算结果误差为400m左右.本文利用“熔岩流气泡古高度计”计算了腾冲火山区熔岩流的古高度,研究结果显示:“熔岩流气泡古高度计”计算的黑空山熔岩流高程与目前的实际高程相吻合.开展“熔岩流气泡古高度计”研究的前提是研究区必须出露保存完好的熔岩流.我国青藏高原的隆升历史一直是国际学术界争论的热点课题,那里出露大面积熔岩流.可以预见,“熔岩流气泡古高度计”将会逐渐成为研究青藏高原隆升历史的有效手段之一.     

基于“动力组分”思想的沉积物粒径趋势模型

“粒径趋势分析”的基本思想是利用沉积物粒度参数的空间变化(粒径趋势)来反推沉积物输运路径.依据“动力组分”思想,通过建立一个一维的悬浮沉积物输运模型来正演沉积物输运方向上的表层沉积物粒度分布和粒径趋势,探讨水动力能量沿程衰减和沿程增强两种不同情形下的粒径趋势特征.研究表明:粒径趋势形成的直接原因是沉积物中不同“动力组分...     

The complete SRSS modal combination rule

The complete Square‐Root‐of‐Sum‐of‐Squares (c‐SRSS) modal combination rule is presented. It expresses the structural response in terms of uncoupled SDOF modal responses, yet accounting fully for modal response variances and cross‐covariances. Thus, it is an improvement over the classical SRSS rule which neglects contributions from modal cross‐covariances. In the c‐SRSS rule the spectral moments of the structural response are expressed rigorously in terms of the spectral moments of uncoupled modal responses and of some coefficients that can be computed straightforwardly as a function of modal frequencies and damping, without involving the computation of cross‐correlation coefficients between modal responses. An example shows an application of the c‐SRSS rule for structural systems with well separated and closely spaced modal frequencies, subjected to wide‐band and narrow‐band excitations. Comparisons with response calculations using the SRSS and the Complete Quadratic Combination rules are given and discussed in detail. Based on the c‐SRSS rule a response spectrum formulation is introduced to estimate the maximum structural response. An example considering a narrow‐band excitation from the great Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985, is given and the accuracy of the response spectrum formulation is examined. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国古建筑简化分析研究

为研究中国古建筑的固有特性和抗震性能,根据西安城南门箭楼复原工程资料,采用半刚性弹簧单元来模拟实体结构的榫卯、斗拱和柱础连接,建立箭楼大木作构架的局部和整体两种有限元模型.采用Block Lanczos方法,分别进行模态分析,得出模型的前10阶频率和振型;采用瞬态分析方法,在El Centro波、Taft波和兰州人工波...     

轮辐式大跨度张拉结构地震反应分析

以世纪莲体育中心大跨度轮辐式张拉索膜结构为研究对象,利用有限元程序ANSYS,分别采用振型分解反应谱法和时程分析方法,计算地震作用下结构的受力性能。研究表明:结构以索膜屋盖竖向振动为主,上压环、下压环及腹杆等均参与了振动,动力特性复杂;地震作用下结构内力和位移较大,不同方向地震作用的危害主次不明显,应同时考虑一维及多维地震组合作用的影响;2种计算方法下,结构的内力和位移变化趋势基本一致,为全面了解结构的动力特性,建议采用时程分析方法。     

Ambient vibration based seismic evaluation of isolated Gülburnu highway bridge

This paper describes ambient vibration based seismic evaluation procedure of an isolated highway bridge. The procedure includes finite element modeling, ambient vibration testing, finite element model updating and time history analysis. Gülburnu Highway Bridge located on the Giresun–Espiye state highway is selected as a case study. Three dimensional finite element model of the bridge is created by SAP2000 software to determine the dynamic characteristics analytically. Since input force is not measured, Operational Modal Analysis is applied to identify dynamic characteristics. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification methods are used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics. Analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing of material properties to reduce the differences between the results. Analytical model of the bridge after model updating is analyzed using 1992 Erzincan earthquake record to determine the seismic behavior. EW, NS and UP components of the ground motion are applied to the bridge at the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions, respectively. It is demonstrated that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of highway bridges. Maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced averagely from 9% to 2% by model updating. It is seen from the earthquake analyses that friction pendulum isolators are very effective in reducing the displacements and internal forces.     

Calculation and experiment for dynamic response of bridge in deep water under seismic excitation

The fluid-structure interaction under seismic excitation is very complicated, and thus the damage identification of the bridge in deep water is the key technique to ensure the safe service. Based on nonlinear Morison equation considering the added mass effect and the fluid-structure interaction effect, the effect of hydrodynamic pressure on the structure is analyzed. A series of underwater shaking table tests are conducted in the air and in water. The dynamic characteristics affected by hydrodynamic pressure are discussed and the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure is also analyzed. In addition, the damage of structure is distinguished through the natural frequency and the difference of modal curvature, and is then compared with the test results. The numerical simulation and test of this study indicate that the effect of hydrodynamic pressure on the structure should not be neglected. It is also found that the presence of the damage, the location of the damage and the degree of the severity can be judged through the variation of structure frequency and the difference of modal curvature.     

Modal strain energy based structural damage localization for offshore platform using simulated and measured data

Modal strain energy based methods for damage detection have received much attention. However, most of published articles use numerical methods and some studies conduct modal tests with simple 1D or 2D structures to verify the damage detection algorithms. Only a few studies utilize modal testing data from 3D frame structures. Few studies conduct performance comparisons between two different modal strain energy based methods. The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the effectiveness of a traditional modal strain energy method （Stubbs index） and a recently developed modal strain energy decomposition （MSED） method for damage localization, for such a purpose both simulated and measured data from an offshore platform model being used. Particularly, the mode shapes used in the damage localization are identified and synthesized from only two measurements of one damage scenario because of the limited number of sensors. The two methods were first briefly reviewed. Next, using a 3D offshore platform model, the damage detection algorithms were implemented with different levels of damage severities for both single damage and multiple damage cases. Finally, a physical model of an offshore steel platform was constructed for modal testing and for validat-ing the applicability. Results indicate that the MSED method outperforms the Stubbs index method for structural damage detection.