Using Q-mode factor analysis in biostratigraphic ordination

Although traditionally restricted to the analysis of closed compositional data, the Imbrie Q-mode method appears also to be of utility when applied to binary data sets common in biostratigraphy. Its advantages include its utilization of the tally concept, and its ability to analyze very large numbers of species simultaneously. When the structure of the data set is simple, the method appears to be capable of ranking samples along a temporal gradient, or coenocline, defined by the second unroated factor. Varimax and oblique rotations do not appear to increase the efficacy of this ranking. Even when facies effects are important, a temporal ranking of samples can be achieved, providing that the variation due to time is greater than that due to facies.     

Singhbhum Shear Zone: Structural transition and a kinematic model

The northern fold belt away from the Singhbhum Shear Zone displays a set of folds on bedding. The folds are sub-horizontal with E-W to ESE striking steep axial surfaces. In contrast, the folds in the Singhbhum Shear Zone developed on a mylonitic foliation and have a reclined geometry with northerly trending axes. There is a transitional zone between the two, where the bedding and the cleavage have become parallel by isoclinal folding and two sets of reclined folds have developed by deforming the bedding—parallel cleavage. Southward from the northern fold belt the intensity of deformation increases, the folds become tightened and overturned towards the south while the fold hinges are rotated from the sub-horizontal position to a down-dip attitude. Recognition of the transitional zone and the identification of the overlapping character of deformation in the shear zone and the northern belt enable the formulation of a bulk kinematic model for the area as a whole.     

PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE SOUTH CHINA BLOCK AND INDOCHINA BLOCK

The Mesozoic paleomagnetic pole positions from the Indochina block and South China block are not consistent with each other in that the formers are displaced with respect to the latters westward in longitude and southward in latitude. The displacement is here interpreted as to be related to the India-Eurasia collision in such a way that after the collision the Indochina block was rotated clockwise by 8° about the Assam syntaxis, followed by an eastward translation of the South China bl..     

Lunar and solar barometric tides at Rarotonga,Cook Islands

Lunar and solar atmospheric tidal oscillations have been determined with reasonable accuracy from a ten-year record of hourly mercury-barometer readings, corrected to mean-sea-level, at Rarotonga (Cook Islands), 21.2°S. For the lunar semidiurnal tide, the annual determination shows an amplitude (56 b) slightly lower and a phase (51°) much smaller than the values (58 b, 72°) that would be derived, for the position of Rarotonga, from the spherical harmonic analysis given byHaurwitz andCowley (1969). The seasonal variation of this oscillation, as given by the monthly and J, E, D values, shows most of the characteristic features found in world-wide determinations. In particular, the near equality of the J, D amplitudes at Rarotonga tends to support theHaurwitz andCowley (1969) suggestion of negative J-D values in southern middle latitudes. For the solar tides, the semidiurnal and terdiurnal oscillations at Rarotonga are similar to those found at other stations in the south-west Pacific region. However, for the diurnal oscillation, the annual amplitude (232 b) is only about half the value (465 b) indicated for the position of Rarotonga by the world maps of theS ₁(p) annual harmonic coefficients given byHaurwitz (1965). It thus seems likely that the relatively small area of lowS ₁(p) annual amplitude in the eastern part of the south Pacific, as indicated by these maps, is much more extensive than formerly supposed.     

Microstructural evidence of rotation and non-rotation of mica porphyroblasts

Abstract Mica porphyroblasts in schists from several regions show nearly planar inclusion trails that are parallel over areas much larger than the wavelengths of later folds. This indicates that the porphyroblasts have not rotated, with respect to geographical co-ordinates, during deformation. Instead, the matrix has rotated, as suggested by Ramsay (1962). Even in zones of marked shortening in the matrix adjacent to large rigid porphyroblasts (e.g. of cordierite or staurolite), small biotite porphyroblasts have not rotated, but have become thinned by solution, as indicated by parallelism of inclusion trails in separate biotite grains and by evidence of truncation of inclusion trails by the matrix foliation. Less common are biotite porphyroblasts that have single asymmetrical microfolds in the matrix adjacent to the porphyroblasts and so appear to have rotated; these porphyroblasts are characterized by kinking.     

矿物反射光谱与反射旋转性的关系

根据对表达矿物的反射旋转及反射率公式的分析、对比,建立了反射旋转与反射率的关系。在此基础上建立了反射旋转色散与反射光谱的关系,继而得出了依据矿物的反射光谱、反射色及其颜色指数推断其反射旋转性质的方法与具体指标。     

三维叠前偏移新技术

首次采用空间（ｘ，ｙ）坐标旋转的方法推导出了适应于任何炮检方向并与炮检方向相关的三维波动方程，理论上定量地说明了炮检方向及炮检距与偏移响应的关系，进而证明３Ｄ－ＤＭＯ（叠前部分偏移）只需在炮检方向上进行二维ＤＭＯ即可得以实现。理论模型试算结果表明，该方法正确描述了波的实际传播过程，实现了三维叠前全偏移及３Ｄ－ＤＭＯ处理。     

Interpretation of porphyroblast inclusion trails: limitations imposed by growth kinetics and strain rates

Porphyroblast inclusion trails provide important information about the tectonometamorphic evolution of a metamorphic rock. However, there remains considerable controversy over whether porphyroblasts rotate during bulk non-coaxial deformation.
With reference to an area of the Scandinavian Caledonides and utilizing existing data from theoretical and experimental modelling, this study demonstrates that both 'straight' and 'S-shaped' inclusion trails are consistent with an interpretation in terms of syndeformational porphyroblast growth in a regime approximating to Newtonian simple shear. At crustal strain rates of 10^-14 s^-1 and porphyroblast growth times of 0.1–1.0 Ma, it is shown that a maximum of 5-9 angular rotation would occur during growth. At faster strain rates of 10^-12 s^-1 (e.g. those in a shear zone) porphyroblast angular rotations of 90 are shown to occur in 0.1–0.25 Ma (i.e. times comparable with or faster than porphyroblastesis). In view of this, 'S-shaped' inclusion trails are to be expected in porphyroblasts growing in active shear zones or other situations of high shear strain, whereas 'straight' inclusion trails can be interpreted as static overgrowth of an existing fabric or as syndeformational porphyroblastesis at low strain rates.     

地球自转速度变化对自然灾害韵律活动的控制作用

地球自转速度变化所产生的动力，可以使地球的岩石圈、水圈、气圈、生物圈物质发生异常性的运动和变化。从而引发震、海洋灾害、气象灾害和生物灾害；它又使这些灾害彼此之间具有密切的内在联系和大体相同的韵律活动。这一特点在认识自然灾害发生发展规律和进行灾害综合预报时是非常重要的。