GPS measurements (2003–2006) in the Sikhote Alin network,the Far East

This paper considers results of geodynamic studies using the GPS method in the territory of the Far East. GPS measurements using TRIMBLE-4700 geophones were launched along the Sikhote Alin profile in 2003. The technology of the GPS measurements and the problems of selecting the measurement sites and network configuration with reference to the region’s structure are discussed. The results of GPS measurements in 2003–2006 were used to study the fault system of the Far East continental margin. Different models of the Eurasia rotation (from the known NNR-NUVEL-1A to the recent ones) were analyzed. The solid-body rotation of Eurasia was predicted in the framework of the AR-IR-2006 model with a pole located at 51.045°N latitude, 255.842° longitude and rotating at a rate of 0.2423°/Ma. The parameters of the Amur plate rotation were preliminarily estimated (57.6° ± 0.5°N, 117.1 ± 0.5°E, and 0.083° ± 0.004°/m.y) using results on the Sikhote Alin and Transbaikalian network.     

近景摄影测量中大角度问题的探讨

应用摄影测量中的解析算法,研究倾斜摄影和交向摄影中大角度摄影情况下的解算方法对经典解析算法的影响,推导大角度摄影情况下从相对定向至绝对定向这一解析过程的算法,通过算例证明在大倾角摄影条件下利用该算法能够准确计算出地面点坐标以及反算出像片的外方位元素,从而验证本算法在大倾角近景摄影测量中的适用性。     

地球自转参数的RFFLS短期预报算法研究

地球自转参数(ERP)是实现地心天球坐标系(geocentric celestial reference system,GCRS)与国际地球坐标系(international terrestrial reference system,ITRS)相互转换的必要参数,是国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)和国际GNSS监测评估系统(iGMAS)分析中心的重要产品。本文针对最小二乘地球自转参数预测算法会造成数据饱和以及新旧数据在数据处理及预报中被同等对待等问题,将遗忘因子引入最小二乘预测算法,进而提高ERP预报精度。遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法能防止数据饱和,降低旧数据的影响,加强新数据的作用,降低在求解拟合参数时出现秩亏矩阵求逆的几率,提高预报精度。本文详细推导了遗忘因子递推最小二乘表达式,探究了最佳遗忘因子,并通过ERP试验将该方法和原最小二乘的试验结果及LS-AR模型的预报结果作对比,发现仅用遗忘因子最小二乘模型预测就可以达到与LS-AR组合模型预测相当的精度。     

Multi-Data Approach for remote sensing-based regional crop rotation mapping: A case study for the Rur catchment,Germany

Spatial land use information is one of the key input parameters for regional agro-ecosystem modeling. Furthermore, to assess the crop-specific management in a spatio-temporal context accurately, parcel-related crop rotation information is additionally needed. Such data is scarcely available for a regional scale, so that only modeled crop rotations can be incorporated instead. However, the spectrum of the occurring multiannual land use patterns on arable land remains unknown. Thus, this contribution focuses on the mapping of the actually practiced crop rotations in the Rur catchment, located in the western part of Germany. We addressed this by combining multitemporal multispectral remote sensing data, ancillary information and expert-knowledge on crop phenology in a GIS-based Multi-Data Approach (MDA). At first, a methodology for the enhanced differentiation of the major crop types on an annual basis was developed. Key aspects are (i) the usage of physical block data to separate arable land from other land use types, (ii) the classification of remote sensing scenes of specific time periods, which are most favorable for the differentiation of certain crop types, and (iii) the combination of the multitemporal classification results in a sequential analysis strategy. Annual crop maps of eight consecutive years (2008–2015) were combined to a crop sequence dataset to have a profound data basis for the mapping of crop rotations. In most years, the remote sensing data basis was highly fragmented. Nevertheless, our method enabled satisfying crop mapping results. As an example for the annual crop mapping workflow, the procedure and the result of 2015 are illustrated. For the generation of the crop sequence dataset, the eight annual crop maps were geometrically smoothened and integrated into a single vector data layer. The resulting dataset informs about the occurring crop sequence for individual areas on arable land, so that crop rotation schemes can be derived. The resulting dataset reveals that the spectrum of the practiced crop rotations is extremely heterogeneous and contains a large amount of crop sequences, which strongly diverge from model crop rotations. Consequently, the integration of remote sensing-based crop rotation data can considerably reduce uncertainties regarding the management in regional agro-ecosystem modeling. Finally, the developed methods and the results are discussed in detail.     

月球辐射照度模型比对及地基对月观测验证

月球是除太阳外对地张角最大的天体,反射率稳定性为10–8每年,适合用于遥感卫星的辐射定标、夜间地基大气遥感和夜间卫星遥感,但月球辐射照度模型的精度束缚了上述应用的发展。为检验现有ROLO(RObotic Lunar Observatory)和MT2009(Miller-Turner 2009)地基整盘月球辐射照度模型的精度,国家卫星气象中心于2015年底至2016年初在云南丽江组织了3个月的地基对月观测,使用高光谱月球成像光谱仪获取了399.00—1060.00 nm连续光谱的月球辐射照度。基于整盘月球辐射照度模型,利用丽江地基对月观测试验资料,对比模型与模型、模型与丽江地基观测月球辐射照度。结果表明:(1)MT2009与ROLO模型在短波红外谱段的差异明显大于可见光谱段;(2)地基观测高光谱月球辐射照度结果与ROLO模型更接近,但是可见光波段比ROLO模型辐射照度平均小5.86%左右。为探究差异产生的主要来源,对结果还进行了进一步的分析和讨论,以期为今后月球辐射模型的改进和夜间微光遥感研究提供经验和依据。     

A note on Earth's rotation angular velocity in the general-relativity framework

 The value of the Earth's rotational angular velocity determined from observations is given in the GCRS (geocentric celestial reference system) defined by Resolution B1 of the 2000 IAU General Assembly. The same quantity derived from dynamical theories of the Earth's rotation, such as SMART97, is referred to the␣DGRSC (dynamically non-rotating ecliptical reference system). The relativistic theory of reference systems (RSs) enables unambiguous general-relativity relations between these quantities to be derived. Received: 9 November 2000 / Accepted: 9 July 2001     

A Hamiltonian approach to dissipative phenomena between the Earth's mantle and core, and effects on free nutations

The Hamiltonian formalism was recently applied by Getino (1995a,b) for the study of the rotation of a non-rigid earth with a heterogeneous and stratified liquid core. That earth model is generalized here by including the effect of the dissipation arising from the mantle-core interaction, using a model similar to that of Sasao, Okubo & Saito (1980), which includes both viscous and electromagnetic coupling. First, a solution for the free nutations is obtained following a classical approach, which in our opinion is more familiar to most of the readers than the Hamiltonian treatment. This solution provides a theoretical basis clear enough to study both the qualitative and quantitative effects of the dissipations considered in the hypotheses. The main qualitative features are, besides the delays, that the free core nutation (FCN) suffers an exponential damping, while the chandler wobble (CW) is not damped at first order, by the dissipation considered. The numerical values obtained for the complex compliances agree with the most recent experimental computations.
Next, the problem is studied under a Hamiltonian formalism, and a solution equivalent to the above is obtained. Besides its interest from a theoretical point of view, this formalism is necessary in order to apply canonical perturbation methods in order to obtain analytical nutation series.     

海洋和电离层发电机对佘山台L的影响

本文在文献[1]的研究基础上进一步分析海洋和电离层发电机对佘山台L的影响。资料分别按月、季节和年以及太阳活动性分组进行的细致分析,结果表明海洋发电机对Z分量的L有一稳定的影响,L的季节变化主要起源于电离层发电机。L的海洋部分不随太阳活动性改变,太阳活动对L的影响比对S的小。