太平洋-印度洋海表温度加热对中高纬低频振荡的调频作用

用数值试验的方法，分别以无热源型、El Nino初期、El Nino成熟期对应的赤道中东太平洋与赤道印度洋海表温度作为外强迫源，应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式，考虑了摩擦耗散及3波准共振的共同作用，采用非定常、定常加热两种形式积分90d，研究了对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用。结果表明：（1）3个行星波之间存在很强的波-波相互作用，且波动振荡呈现准双周和季节内振荡；（2）在El Nino初期和El Nino成熟期，无论是赤道中东太平洋海温还是赤道印度洋海温在逐渐增暖的过程中，大气低频振荡周期都有缩短的趋势。1997年2月-1997年4月，赤道印度洋调节作用强；而在1998年5月，赤道中东太平洋调节作用强；（3）赤道印度洋西区对大气低频振荡的调节作用要强于赤道印度洋东区；Nino3区对大气低频振荡的调节作用要强于Ninol＋2区；（4）太平洋-印度洋海温异常模态在1997年10月为高指数（简称PIMI一型），在1996年9月为低指数（简称PIMI二型），前者对应的东太平洋-西印度洋区对大气的调频作用要大于后者对应的西太平洋一东印度洋区。     

THE EFFECTS OF VERTICAL VARIATION OF BASIC FLOW AND HORIZONTAL GRADIENT OF TEMPERATURE ON LINEAR AND NONLINEAR GRAVITY WAVES

By using two-dimensional dynamical equations in x-z plane with Boussinesq approximation,the effects of the second-order vertical shear of the basic flow u_zz and the horizontal gradient of temperature (M) on the gravity wave and the isolated gravity wave are discussed.The magnitudes of u_zz and M corresponding to the linear and nonlinear stabilities of the gravity waves are worked out,respectively.The results show that amplitude and width of the isolate dgravity wave are closely related to u_zz and M.It is indicated that the isolated gravity wave with a width of about 10 km can be motivated by the disturbance of sub-synoptic scale in the certain ranges of flow field shear and temperature gradient,while the motivated waves may be associated with the cold surge ahead of a cold front and the other mesoscale synoptic systems.     

对流凝结加热的垂直分布与低纬大气的30～60天低频振荡

运用一个包含Wave-CISK机制的斜压半地转8层模式和本征函数展开方法，研究了三种不同的对流凝结加热廓线对低纬大气的30—60天低频振荡的影响。研究表明，不同的加热廓线分布时30～60天低频振荡具有不同的相速和周期，并且低频振荡特征相速的量级都是o(10m／s)，由Wave-CISK机制激发的低频CISK—Kelvin波和CISK—Rossby波都是稳定的。同时，还进一步揭示了不同加热廓线对低纬大气30～60天低频振荡垂直结构的影响。     

加速度计及其融合高采样GNSS的低频信号测量特性研究

搭建了一套振动台系统,模拟不同频率振动信号对加速度计进行测试,并从信号功率谱密度和积分位移2个方面对其低频测量特性进行分析。实验表明,当振动信号频率高于0.05 Hz时,对加速度计信号进行高通滤波并积分能够恢复出较准确的振动位移;反之,随着信号频率的降低,积分位移误差增大。因此,为解决加速度计低频测量能力不足的问题,利用高采样GNSS与加速度计数据融合的方法,成功恢复了极低频振动信号。研究表明,振动台系统能够为地震监测研究提供良好的基础平台;加速度计准确恢复位移信号的低频下限在003~0.05 Hz左右,研究方法及结果可为加速度计频带的合理选择提供参考;同时,利用高采样GNSS与加速度计融合方法能够有效弥补加速度计低频测量能力不足的缺点,使地震低频位移更加准确可靠。     

热带低层大气30～60天低频动能的年际变化与ENSO循环

利用NCEP再分析资料,通过统计相关及合成分析研究了热带大气季节内振荡(ISO)的年际变化与ENSO循环之间的关系.结果表明,热带大气季节内振荡(也称30～60天低频振荡)的年际变化在热带中西太平洋地区最强.在ElNino成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋的30～60天振荡异常活跃,其动能明显增加且逐渐东移;在E1Nino成熟以后,热带西太平洋大气30～60天低频振荡迅速减弱.与这种加强的30～60天振荡相伴随,在赤道北侧为异常的气旋式环流,赤道地区出现偏西风异常.相反,在LaNina成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋大气30～60天振荡偏弱.进一步的分析还发现,东亚冬季风的年际变化是引起热带大气30～60天振荡的年际变化的主要机制:强东亚冬季风导致热带西太平洋积云对流加强,从而引起热带西太平洋大气30～60天振荡加强;相反,对应于弱的东亚冬季风,热带西太平洋地区积云对流偏弱,大气30～60天振荡偏弱.作者的资料分析还证实,热带大气30～60天低频振荡的年际变化,作为一种外强迫,对ElNino的形成起着十分重要的作用.     

RADIATIVE COOLING AND BROADBAND PHENOMENON IN LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES

In this paper, we analyze the effects of radiative cooling on the pure baroclinic low-frequency waves under the approximation of equatorial β-plane and semi-geostrophic condition. The results show that radiative cooling does not, exclusively, provide the damping effects on the development of low-frequency waves.Under the delicate radiative-convective equilibrium, radiative effects will alter the phase speed and wave period,and bring about the broadband of phase velocity and wave period by adjusting the vertical profiles of diabaticheating. When the intensity of diabatic heating is moderate and appropriate, it is conductive to the development and sustaining of the low-frequency waves and their broadband phenomena, not the larger, the better. The radiative cooling cannot be neglected in order to reach the moderate and appropriate intensity of diabatic heating.     

南海夏季风爆发与大气对流低频振荡的年际变化

根据1980～1991年云顶黑体温度（TBB）相位和强度的变化确定了南海夏季风爆发的时间,分析研究了夏季风爆发期间TBB场和850hPa风场的变化过程及其与海温的关系。结果表明:南海夏季风爆发平均时间是5月第4候,它爆发的时间和强度有显著的年际变化,并与大气的低频振荡及前期海洋的热力状况有密切关系。南海夏季风爆发早年（4月第6候）,副热带高压较弱,撤离南海较快,从赤道东印度洋到赤道西太平洋,大气对流活动较强,夏季风爆发南海早于孟加拉湾,季风爆发时90～100°E区域过赤道气流显著加强。夏季风爆发晚年（6月第1候）情况相反。南海夏季风爆发早晚与大气30～60天振荡到达南海的位相有关,前冬和早春南海海温的高低和4月中旬至5月中南半岛强对流区的出现时间,是南海夏季风爆发年际变化的前期征兆。根据前冬南海海温预测1998年南海夏季风爆发的时间和强度与实际相符。     

自标定法在低频振动传感器参数校准中的应用

介绍了自标定法在低频振动传感器参数校准中的应用,阐述了该方法用于校准的理论依据及适用范围,并将自标定法获得的校准数据和用振动标准装置获得的校准数据进行了比较,通过实测数据证实了自标定法的标定结果在一定的频率范围内是可信的.由于自标定法不需要复杂的标定设备,简单方便,因此具有较好的实用价值.最后,分析了自标定法的误差来源...     

Analysis of thermohaline and current distribution characteristics of Zhejiang and Fujian waters in summer

This paper analyzed the distribution of thermohaline and circulation characteristics of Zhejiang and Fujian waters, based on the cross-sectional thermohaline data and on current data (up to 30 d duration) at fixed-point moorings, collected in the summer of 2006. We also performed low-pass filtering and spectrum analysis on the mooring submersible buoy data. Based on that analysis, we discussed the characteristics of low frequency currents and time-variations in these waters. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) There is a low salinity pinnate area near the Hangzhou Bay in summer, and outside the low salinity area, an obvious salinity front is present from surface to bottom near 123°E. There is also a temperature front below the surface at a corresponding position. (2) Bottom water of the Taiwan Warm Current comes from the subsurface of Kuroshio. (3) The direction of low frequency current at fixed anchor stations is N-NE or S, which mainly depends on the interaction of control currents in this waters. (4) Significant spectral peaks at all mooring stations are typically semidiurnal and diurnal tides. Semidiurnal tidal waves are the main ones in these waters, and have more energy closer to the shore. (5) Significant energy spectral peaks of middle period (3 to 8 d) of currents are responses to weather frequency. (6) Significant energy spectral peaks of long periods at the surface or bottom are probably responses to seasonal wind or bottom friction, while, the long period peaks of other depths can reflect cyclical changes of interactions between currents. We conclude that the pulsation period of the Taiwan Warm Current in these waters is 10-17 d.