两种低频信息的关联和形成差异的原因

在变振幅的数据分析中 ,低频信号可以反映在低频分析结果中 ,也可以体现在高频信号的振幅变化中。本文将其分别称为滤波低频信号和变幅低频信号。两种低频信号有很好的相关性 ,也存在明显差别。研究结果表明 ,滤波低频信号反映了过程整体性的上升或下降 ,变幅低频信号反映了极大值与极小值之间差异的缩小或加大。两种低频信号的差异多源于原始信号极大值与极小值变化过程之间的关系。在本文的例子中 ,冬季气温变化占优势时两种低频信号的滑动相关系数为正值 ;夏季气温变化占优势是导致两种低频信号差异的根本原因 ,在物理上表现为一定发生了强大的异常过程 ,打破了气温正常变化的秩序。大连站的气温变化主要受制于北方的冷空气过程 ,但当厄尔尼诺事件发生时 ,热带的暖过程大大加强 ,导致两种低频信号发生明显的差异。从 1965～ 2 0 0 3年 ,滑动相关系数共出现 6次负时段 ,都对应着厄尔尼诺事件。因此 ,在低频过程的研究中 ,需要用滤波低频信号研究整体性的低频变化。但是 ,在希望获取导致整体变化的主要成分时需要使用变幅低频信号。另外 ,在揭示异常过程时需要用滑动相关系数来发现两种低频信号的差异 ,提取异常信息。     

A Study of the Characteristics of the Low-Frequency Circulation over the Tibetan Plateau and its Association with Precipitation in the Yangtze River Valley in 1998

The propagation characteristics of the atmospheric low frequency (LF, 30--60 days) oscillation (LFO) around the Tibetan Plateau from troposphere to stratosphere and its relationship with the floods over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the summer of 1998 are studied, based on the GAME dataset from Meteorological Research Institute (MRI)/Japan Meteorological Agency, the TRMM satellite rainfall and the 730-station precipitation over China. The results show that the zonal propagation direction of LFOs in horizontal winds varies with seasons in the troposphere during May to August in 1998. The eastward propagation of LFOs is remarkable before the start of the rainy season in the Tibetan Plateau and the eastern Asian continent, while the westward propagation is significant after the start date. The northward LFOs from the south side of the plateau and the southward LFOs from the north are both significant before and after the start date. The plateau is a LFO sink in the meridional and zonal directions, but the west part of it is an intensifying area for the continual westward LFOs only after the start of the rainy season. Besides, the strongest LFOs occur at the tropopause (100 hPa) and rapidly decay after entering the stratosphere. The rainfall over the mid-low reaches of Yangtze River in the summer of 1998 exhibits two LFO cycles. According to the phases of the two rainfall LFO cycles, the composite analysesof precipitation distribution, LF circulations at 500 and 100 hPa,and LF vertical motion along 30°N are performed. It is the joint effect of the mid-upper tropospheric strong 30--60-day filtered cyclone (anticyclone) over the eastern plateau and the LFO anticyclone (cyclone) over the west subtropical Pacific that induces the whole layer LF descending (ascending) motion over the mid-lower reaches of Yangtze River, which provides the favorable condition for the break (maintenance) of precipitation.     

CLIMATOLOGICAL LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION OF OLR OVER THE MARITIME CONTINENT WITH ITS POSSIBLE LINKAGE TO SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN CHINA

Using the 1979-2009 NCEP/NACR reanalysis data and precipitation records in East China, research is performed of the climatological features of low-frequency oscillation (LFO) in OLR over the Maritime Continent (MC) as well as their associations with precipitation disturbance in the eastern part of China. Results suggest that in the MC there is significant climatological low-frequency oscillation (CLFO) in outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), with the intraseasonal oscillation (30-60 days) being the strongest for April-September, and the MC acting as a high-value region of percentage contributions of low-frequency OLR variance. On the low-frequency time scale there occur four events of more intense active OLR during this time interval. In the January-April (May-August) phase, MC convection is relatively weak (vigorous). The CLFO makes pronounced eastward displacement at tropics, with phase propagation seen longitudinally, too. There occur low-frequency disturbance circulations similar to the EAP wavetrain or P-J teleconnection, starting from the MC via the South China Sea and the Philippines to the Yangtze valley of China. At different phases, the variation in the low-frequency circulations and heating fields shows that the rainfall disturbance in eastern China is likely to be under possible effects of the CLFO from the MC in April-September, and the low-frequency heating variation exhibits a meridional pattern as an EAP wavetrain or P-J teleconnection. As the OLR CLFO is in a peak (valley) phase the low-level divergence or convergence with the reversal at high levels over the MC is related to relatively feeble (robust) low frequency convection, thereby exciting an EAP or P-J wavetrain from the MC to the Sea of Japan. At the higher levels, the South-Asian high is eastward (westward) of normal due to effects of low-frequency cyclones (anticyclones), resulting in less (more) rainfall in the Jiangnan (areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze and to the south of the river) and Hetao (the Great Bend of Yellow River) areas, and increased (decreased) rainfall in SW China, Qinghai Plateau and Gansu. At the conversion phases, low-frequency convection becomes more active in parts of the MC, consequently exciting low-frequency wavetrain of cyclones-anticyclones-cyclones at low levels, making the South-Asian high southward of the mean, so that strong convergent zones emerge in the upper and middle Yangtze basins and Jilin of NE China, responsible for plentiful precipitation there in sharp contrast to the rainfall over the band between the Yellow and Huaihe Rivers and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. These results help understand in depth the climatological LFO characteristics and the phase-locked feature, thereby further improving our understanding of the causes of rainfall disturbances in different parts of the country.     

SST THERMAL FORCING – A DISCUSSION ON THE MECHANISM OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION

Dynamic and numerical methods are used to discuss the atmospheric response to SST thermal forcing. The results show that for planetary scale systems, the standing SST thermal forcing can quickly excite a stable atmospheric equilibrium state response, which is characterized by obvious large-scale teleconnection oscillation in east-west and south-north directions. For synoptic scale systems, the SST thermal forcing mainly excites the atmospheric low-frequency oscillation. Some basic relation and dynamic processes between SST thermal forcing and atmospheric response pattern are revealed and some new viewpoints are presented.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCE ON LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION

Orographic effects on monthly-and seasonal-scale low frequency oscillation are investiged in terms of a five-level global spectral model with a triangle truncation at wavenumber 10 that contains relatively full physical parameterization, followed by analysis and comparison of the lowpass filtered data separately obtained from models with and without orography. Results show that remarkable seasonal characteristics are displayed in the orographic forcing-generated low frequency wavetrain on monthly and seasonal scales. It is found that the Northern Hemisphere summer orography-produced tropical heating acts as source of the low-frequency wavetrain for both hemispheres. Besides, the simulations indicate that the orographic wavetrain perturbation can give rise to the anomaly in the equatorial zonal flow, whose transient forcing will cause a new wavetrain in the Southern Hemisphere, thus completing the cross-equatorial propagation of the northern wave in interhemispheric action.     

Physico—Mechanical Property Changes Associated with mineral Phase Transition in Granite

Variations in elastic wave velocity, low-frequency internal friction and acous-tic emission in granite were experimentally studied as a function of temperature.It is found that the wave velocity and Young‘s modulus tend to decrease with temperature.In association with the α-β transition of quartz a sharp internal friction peak can be recognized accompanied by a drastic drop in wave velocity and modulus and by a second peak of acoustic emission rate.     

LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION AND MECHANISM OF VERTICAL CIRCULATION OF EASTERN ASIAN MONSOON*

Analysis is performed of low-frequency oscillation (LFO) and its relation to monsoon by means of ECMWF numerical prediction data in the period 1 June to 30 September 1984,indicating that remarkable local LFO exists in the vertical meridional and equatorial zonal circulations.And preliminary discussion is made of the origin of the LFO of the East-Asian summer monsoon meridional circulation in the LFO of the mid and upper troposphere vertical motion around 30°S.The LFOs in the meridional circulations of both hemispheres are linked together by the LFO of the meridional circulation.Finally the possible relation between the tropical monsoon LFO and Meiyu (plum rain).     

东亚冬季风三维环流的低频振荡特征

利用ＥＣＭＷＦ／ＷＭＯ逐日客观分析格点资料，采用带通滤波分析了冬季风环流的低频振荡特征，结果表明冬季风水平环流和垂直环流都表现出显著的准４０天振荡特征，高低层水平环流的低频变化主要受热带西太平洋和澳大利亚附近的低频涡旋系统的影响，纬向环流的低频变化表现为Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流的加强和减弱。经向环流则表现为局地振荡特征，它的低频振荡起着联接南北半球和高低层季风环流低频振荡的作用。     

斜压大气波动准共振与中高纬低频振荡

从准地转两层模式出发，可能产生两种情况准共振：（１）纯正压波；（２）两个斜压波和一个正压波。本文对（２）求得准共振三波振幅的解析解和波能量变化周期的近似式。此近似式和数值计算结果两者都表明，斜压情况能量变化周期比正压情况更容易趋于准共振频率偏离Δω自身周期，从物理上指出，波的位相与波振幅之间存在着一个反馈机制，由正压波与斜压波之间的慢变相差引起的动能与有效位能的互相转换，形成了正压波和斜压波交替增强和减弱的低频振荡，其振荡周期与上述近似式一致。当Δω～（０．１－０．０２）。（ωｊ）时，平均能量周期为１２－４３ｄ，而当Δω＝０时，平均周期为３６６ｄ．因此，频率偏离Δω出现仍可能是产生料压大气中高纬低频振荡的一种新的重要机制。     

ASIA-PACIFIC WINTER LFO STRUCTURE AND LOWFREQUENCY VORTEX ACTIVITY FEATURES*

Based on the winter 1984/1985 ECMWF grid point data subjected to the 30-60 day band-pass filtering and composite analysis,a study is undertaken of the LFO(low-frequency oscillation) structure in the eastern Asian westerly jet entrance and exit regions and the Asia-Pacific low-frequency vortex activity characteristics.Results show that zonal wind oscillations on both sides of the jet core are in anti-phase,in close relation to the E-W displacement of the core.Ranging in NW-SE direction is a low-frequency vortex train(LFVT) emanating from Ural via central Asia to East Asia.A low-frequency vortex of Ural origin,when reaching around 50°N,80°E,is split into two parts,one travelling eastward and the other southward,and finally they arc connected cyclonically or anticyclonically at low latitudes,forming a vigorous low frequency cyclone or anticyclone in the eastern part of China mainland,completing a full cycle of the LFVT.Further,observed in the central Pacific are a meridional LFVT and a cyclone/anticyclone couplet looping in a counterclockwise sense,giving rise to the LFVT phase shift over this region.