应变固体潮不变量理论值计算及其应用

由球坐标系下的应变固体潮理论值所构成应变张量矩阵推导并给出了应变固体潮不变量理论表达式,并采用摩尔圆定理证明了公式的正确性。在此基础上,利用应变不变量与坐标系选择无关的性质,又利用与目前所使用的钻孔应变观测系统的4条测线呈均匀分布的特点,推导并给出了5组计算不变量的观测组合公式,并以应变固体潮理论值取代观测值,按观测组合公式计算出了5组应变固体潮不变量理论值。结果发现,不变量的5组数值几乎相同,仅在小数点后2位有差异,证明了公式的正确性与不变量的唯一性。然后根据由莫尔圆定理给出的5组观测组合公式对漳州钻孔4分量应变观测资料进行了不变量计算,并对计算结果进行了相关与回归分析。最后,对不变量理论值在钻孔应变观测数据处理中的应用作了较详细的介绍,考虑到摩尔圆定理不适用于钻孔应变,又给出了采用加衬模型计算不变量的方法与观测组合公式,并对有关问题进行了讨论。     

Resonance and Capture of Jupiter Comets

A number of Jupiter family comets such as Otermaand Gehrels 3make a rapid transition from heliocentric orbits outside the orbit of Jupiter to heliocentric orbits inside the orbit of Jupiter and vice versa. During this transition, the comet can be captured temporarily by Jupiter for one to several orbits around Jupiter. The interior heliocentric orbit is typically close to the 3:2 resonance while the exterior heliocentric orbit is near the 2:3 resonance. An important feature of the dynamics of these comets is that during the transition, the orbit passes close to the libration points L ₁and L ₂, two of the equilibrium points for the restricted three-body problem for the Sun-Jupiter system. Studying the libration point invariant manifold structures for L ₁and L ₂is a starting point for understanding the capture and resonance transition of these comets. For example, the recently discovered heteroclinic connection between pairs of unstable periodic orbits (one around the L ₁and the other around L ₂) implies a complicated dynamics for comets in a certain energy range. Furthermore, the stable and unstable invariant manifold tubes associated to libration point periodic orbits, of which the heteroclinic connections are a part, are phase space conduits transporting material to and from Jupiter and between the interior and exterior of Jupiter's orbit.     

Co-Orbital Motion with Slowly Varying Parameters

We consider the dynamics of a test particle co-orbital with a satellite of mass m _s which revolves around a planet of mass M ₀ m _s with a mean motion n _s and semi-major axis a _s. We study the long term evolution of the particle motion under slow variations of (1) the mass of the primary, M ₀, (2) the mass of the satellite, m _s and (3) the specific angular momentum of the satellite J _s. The particle is not restricted to small harmonic oscillations near L ₄ or L ₅, and may have any libration amplitude on tadpole or horseshoe orbits. In a first step, no torque is applied to the particle, so that its motion is described by a Hamiltonian with slowly varying parameters. We show that the torque applied to the satellite, as measured by _s = j_s/(n _s J _s) induces an distortion of the phase space which is entirely described by an asymmetry coefficient = _s/, where = m _s/M. The adiabatic invariance of action implies furthermore that the long term evolution of the particle co-orbital motion depends only on the variation of m _s a _s with time. Applying a constant torque to the particle, as measured by _s = j_s/(n _s J _p) is then merely equivalent to replacing = _s/ by = (_s – _p)/. However, if the torque acting on the particle exhibits a radial gradient, then the action is no more conserved and the evolution of the particle orbit is no more controlled by m _s a _s only. We show that even mild torque gradients can dominate the orbital evolution of the particle, and eventually decide whether the latter will be pulled towards the stable equilibrium points L ₄ or L ₅, or driven away from them. Finally, we show that when the co-orbital bodies are two satellites with comparable masses m ₁ and m ₂, we can reduce the problem to that of a test particle co-orbital with a satellite of mass m ₁ + m ₂. This new problem has then parameters varying at rates which are combinations, with appropriate coefficients, of the changes suffered by each satellite.     

基于应力偏量的横波纯应力逆时偏移成像方法

基于弹性波解耦延拓方程的波场分离方法不仅可以得到解耦的纵、横波质点振动速度场,还可以获得纵、横波应力场.针对横波纯应力场在利用单一分量成像时不具有明确物理意义的问题,本文将应力偏张量引入到横波应力场中,基于应力偏量第二不变量构建得到横波应力不变量并将其用于应力场的逆时偏移成像中,获得了可完整表征横波应力场的成像结果.模型试算表明,本文构建的横波应力不变量可以有效利用横波应力张量中的波场信息,并得到准确的弹性逆时偏移成像结果.     

On linking coefficient of two Keplerian orbits

We define a function of the set of pairs of Keplerian ellipses so that the sign of the function will be a topological invariant of their configuration. The sign is negative if and only if the related ellipses are linked. Two modifications of the coefficient which are more reliable in the case of closed to coplanar orbits are proposed. Explicit formulae representing the linking coefficients as functions of orbital elements are deduced. Extension in the case of unbounded orbits is obtained. We suggest different ways to use these coefficients for determining intersections of pairs of osculating Keplerian orbits. If we study dynamical behaviour of geometric configuration of pairs of Keplerian orbits, we can fix the moments of their intersections. These moments correspond exactly to the vanishing of linking coefficients. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kriging of Regionalized Directions, Axes, and Orientations I. Directions and Axes

The problem to predict a direction, axis, or orientation (rotation) from corresponding geocoded data is discussed and a general solution by virtue of embedding a sphere/hemisphere in a real vector space is presented. Its explicit justification in terms of mathematical assumptions concerning stationarity/homogeneity and isotropy is included. The data are modelled by a stationary random field, and the spatial correlation is represented by modified multivariate variograms and covariance functions. Various types of isotropy assumptions concerning invariance under translation/rotation of the data locations, the measurements, or a combination of both, can be distinguished and lead to different simplifications of the general cross-covariance function. Beyond spatial prediction a measure of confidence in the estimates is provided.     

非开挖施工建模的现状和前景

讨论了非开挖施工主要级别的建模：微隧顶管、HDD和夯管锤，并通过微隧顶管建模的过程说明定位于稳定性与鲁棒性理论、多体动力学理论的必然趋向，以及建模工作将会成为非开挖产业文化的一部分，将推动非开挖产业的发展，并由高端基础研发达到市场份额占有的目的。     

稳健最优不变二次无偏估计

导出了稳健最优不变二次无偏估计、稳健最小范数二次无偏估计、稳健Ｈｅｌｍｅｒｔ估计，并说明了最优不变二次无偏估计、最小范数二次无偏估计以及Ｈｅｌｍｅｒｔ估计等均是稳健最优不变二次无偏估计的特例。     

不变量方法

不变量方法是一种数字技术,该方法对给定长度有限的时间序列,可以构造出一个常微分方程组。该方程组的解在有限时段上的采样值与给定序列重合。观测研究是对无法确定其方程的动力系统进行的研究;不变量方法提出了动力数值试验的可能性。