新疆乌鲁木齐地区地震水化震例深入剖析

本文在水化前兆清理研究的基础上,采用统一的异常判别方法,应用适合本地区的“异常可靠性评价标准”,对新疆乌鲁木齐地区150km范围内的中强地震和反例事件进行了深入剖析,对水化异常与地震三要素的关系进行了统计分析。研究结果是制定地震水化异常判据和定量化指标的基础。     

用于生成DTM的改进的最小二乘匹配(LSM)算法

本文提供了一种用于生成DTM的LSM算法的数学模型。其特点是,引入了辐射线条件和共面条件的几何约束,以及辐射偏差和几何变形参数的虚拟观测方程。试验表明.改善了LSM算法的收敛性、稳定性和可靠性,因而提高了图像配准的质量。     

PC－1500机配合坐标仪的地形数据采集程序

本文描述ＰＣ－１５００计算机与ＨＣＺ－１立体坐标量测仪相配合的地形点数据采集程序，并对该程序的结构、有关的数据模型以及使用等作了说明。     

双曲线配合法在某路基沉降反分析中的应用

本文根据哈尔滨某公路路基实测沉降资料,应用双曲线配合法推算了地基土的最终沉降量,并用太沙基渗透固结理论反分析出地基中粘土层的平均固结系数和渗透系数。应用太沙基方法,将反算出的渗透系数计算路基沉降,结果比选用实验室测得的渗透系数计算的沉降更接近实际沉降值。     

Pastoralists’ perceptions and realities of vegetation change and browse consumption in the northern Kalahari, Namibia

Pastoral production around artificial watering points in semi-arid environments affects the density and composition of plant communities. In the Kalahari desert of southwestern Africa, bush encroachment is often regarded as the major form of land degradation resulting from pastoral production around watering points. We investigated the OvaHerero pastoralists’ perceptions of the extent of vegetation change since the establishment of artificial watering points in the northern Kalahari desert of Namibia, and related this to ecological data on vegetation change. We determined the utility of woody vegetation to pastoralists’ livelihoods in terms of provision of construction material, fuel wood and browse. We quantified local knowledge of cattle browse consumption and correlated this with field data. We also assessed the purposes for which major livestock types were used. Our results showed that: (1) pastoral knowledge of bush encroachment and browse consumption was consistent with concurrently collected field data, (2) the current level of bush encroachment was perceived to be beneficial for pastoral production, and (3) cattle played an important role in the production of milk and milk by-products for domestic use, and served as a source of cash income, while sheep and goats were primarily kept for meat consumption. This result contrasts with historical studies that mainly portray cattle as a symbol of social status among OvaHerero pastoralists.     

基于等高线数据的地性线追踪技术研究

通过研究特征点的提取技术和建立系统的特征点匹配的数学模型，研究了基于矢量等高线数据的地性线的自动追踪技术，利用所述方法，提取的特征点完整，准确；理论和实验表明，所建立的数学模型简捷，实用，有可靠的数学理论基础，且地性线追踪效果良好。     

岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定

在预应力锚索设计参数的确定中，岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定是其十分重要的环节。现有的确定方法大多基于经验与现场试验的结合，费时费工，故有必要根据已有的试验资料确定一种定量方法。通过对国内30余例工程的统计分析表明，岩体与锚固体的粘强度不仅与岩石单轴抗压强度有关，还与内锚固段裂隙的分布与性质有关。通过室内外试验进一步建立了适合国内岩体质量指标确定的粘结强度经验公式与内锚段长度设计系数的图系，同时，也可为岩锚加固数值仿真提供经验判据。实例计算表明，所提供的确定方法与岩锚试验结果较为吻合。     

The “peeling” method to process apparent resistivity data for earthquake precursory monitoring

Considering the fact that there is only one pair of fixed potential poles in one direction used to monitor the resistivity changes under the observatory station which may indicate process of earthquake preparation, based on the precondition that the resistivity structure is 1-dimensional under the observatory station, and by way of equivalent model put forward by the authors, this paper suggests a kind of method trying to separate the resistivity changes in deep layers from that of the shallow layer. Analysis shows that, to obtain the same measured data with the same array, any a multi-layered geo-electrical structure can be equivalently taken as a two-layered one, we call it equivalent model. In this paper, the resistivity and thickness of the upper layer of the equivalent model are equal to that of the first layer of the original one, the resistivity of the lower layer of the equivalent model is obtained with calculation according to the requirement of equivalence, its value is relevant with the resistivities and thicknesses of all layer of the original model except for the first one, so the resistivity change of the equivalent layer can indicate the synthetic effect of variation of all layers of the original model except for the first one. The primary research results show that this method can work well. Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (100146).     

依据密度测井资料评估煤层的含气量

煤层甲烷长期以来认为是对采煤工作的危害，只是近十多年来才被认为是一种潜在的能源。煤层不仅是甲烷的储层，而且是甲烷的源岩。煤的物理结构是一种双重孔隙结构，即煤层中含有由基质孔隙和裂缝孔隙组成的孔隙系统。煤层中的气（甲烷）主要吸附在基质孔隙的内表面，是吸附气，而不是存在于骨架粒间的孔隙空间内，因而传统的评价天然气储层含气量的方法虽然不能适合于评估煤层的气含量。本文利用密度测井资料和煤样煤质化验资料确定     

ENCORE钻孔导斜系统

ENCORE钻孔导斜系统由设计先进的MOLE型固定楔、MULE型活楔、RATTY型扩孔导向矛和DOLPHIN型定向仪组成。可在40－96mm钻孔中进行定向钻进，解决钻孔纠斜或分支孔钻进问题。在分析研究其、工作原理和操作方法基础上进行对比分析，指出优点并介绍了使用效果。