Balance of Volume Transports between Horizontal Circulation and Meridional Overturn in the North Pacific Subarctic Region

Horizontal and meridional volume transports on timescales from intra-seasonal to interannual in the North Pacific subarctic region were investigated using a reanalysis dataset for 1993–2001 that was constructed from an assimilation of the TOPEX altimeter and in situ data into an eddy-permitting North Pacific ocean general circulation model. The barotropic flow is excited along east of the Emperor Seamounts by the western intensification dynamics. The volume transport of this flow compensates for that across the interior region east of the Seamounts below the summit depth of the Seamounts. The Oyashio, which is also considered as a compensation flow for the transport in the whole interior region, includes baroclinic as well as barotropic components. Baroclinic transports in the whole interior region exceed those in the western boundary region in the upper (200–1000 m) and lower (2000–5000 m) layers, and the total transport is northward (southward) in the upper (lower) layer. These excesses of the baroclinic transport are balanced by a vertical transport of the meridional overturn. The meridional overturn has a complementary relation to the basin-scale baroclinic circulation in the North Pacific subactic region. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“15 分钟生活圈”视角下住宅小区与公共服务设施空间配置评价——以乌鲁木齐市为例

新型城镇化高质量发展更加注重提升人民群众的幸福感和获得感,加大“15分钟生活圈”公共服务建设力度能有效提升人民群众生活满意度。基于国家“15分钟生活圈”建设要求使用高德地图POI数据,采用核密度估计、缓冲区分析、栅格分析等方法,对乌鲁木齐市公共服务设施的空间覆盖特征进行判断,对住宅小区与各类设施的空间匹配状况进行综合评价。研究表明:(1)不同类型基础公共服务设施的空间布局特征有所差异,既与住宅小区的集聚分布有一定关联,又体现了不同设施的属性特点。(2)不同类型的基础公共服务设施在住宅小区“15分钟生活圈”的覆盖率有一定的差异,以公交站点为代表的公共交通出行的覆盖率最高,便民商业设施中超市、果蔬店、理发店等日常服务设施的覆盖率相对高于银行、电讯营业厅等设施,教育设施中幼儿园覆盖率最高,其次为小学,中学的覆盖率相对较低。医疗设施服务覆盖率在各类型中差别不显著,卫生服务中心、药店、诊所基本都能实现95%的覆盖率。(3)不同类型基本公共服务与住宅空间配置达标率存在较明显区域差异。在人口分布越密集的区域,便民商业、教育、医疗、交通4类公共服务设施均达标的住宅小区比例越高,而人口密度相对较低的外围区域和新建城区医疗和便民商业设施的达标率偏低。(4)乌鲁木齐市建设“15分钟活动圈”应注重加强新建城区的公共服务配套,尤其是便民商业和基层医疗设施,老城区应加强改造过程中公共服务的更新配套。     

拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空动态监测及驱动力分析

拉萨城市圈是西藏自治区生态环境与城镇化作用突出的区域,近年来已经出现草场退化、土壤沙化等生态环境问题,对该区域生态质量状况的监测迫在眉睫,但目前又缺少对该区域精细尺度的生态质量状况研究。鉴于此,论文利用Google Earth Engine遥感大数据平台的并行计算优势,基于Landsat TM/ETM+卫星影像,通过遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI)方法监测了拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空变化,深入分析了生态质量变化的气候驱动因子和土地利用转移因子,探索了气候综合驱动的时空分布特征及其变化。结果表明：(1)在1994—2017年期间,拉萨城市圈的生态质量良好,在空间上呈现自西南向东北逐渐降低趋势,生态质量整体有改善趋势,改善比重为45.98%;(2)热度是RSEI的内部主控因素,对RSEI产生负向影响,体现了气候变暖对研究区生态质量的抑制作用;(3)蒸汽压亏缺、气候水分亏缺是生态质量变化的主要气候驱动因子,草地向其他用地的转移是主要的土地利用驱动因子;(4)气候综合驱动在研究期间整体有减弱趋势,分布格局自西南向东北逐渐...     

环首都经济圈入境旅游规模—经济—质量空间演化研究

从规模—经济—质量视角出发,采用变异系数、赫芬达尔系数、首位度、流质指数等对1996-2011年环首都经济圈9省市区的入境旅游空间演化进行分析。结果表明:1)环首都经济圈旅游规模和旅游经济空间分布趋向分散,9省市旅游发展的相对差异不断缩小,旅游发展趋向均衡化;2)环首都经济圈的空间结构由"单极辐射"到"三强并立"演变,北京是区域内入境旅游规模-经济-质量全面发展的最大增长极,山东、辽宁成为次增长极;3)地方经济发展水平、国际航线数、第三产业水平与旅游规模、经济显著相关,影响旅游质量的主要因素有人均GDP、经济外向度、交通网络密集度、高星级酒店比、等级公路、政府政策及区域经济发展战略等,而旅游产品结构对旅游质量的影响尤为重要。今后优化旅游目的地的旅游产品结构、加强与旅游发达省市区的联系是提高区域入境旅游发展水平的关键。     

Delineation of structural features over a part of the Bay of Bengal using total and balanced horizontal derivative techniques

The present study deals with classical problem of edge detection in potential field data over complex tectonic regime for both shallower and deeper sources, simultaneously. Balanced horizontal derivative (BHD) technique is a latest edge detection concept which delineates edges using balancing of amplitude responses for both shallower and deeper sources. The BHD technique has been validated by comparing with total horizontal derivative (THD) technique. Initially, three different synthetic models have been generated with spherical, cylindrical and vertical prismatic objects at different depths and corresponding gravity responses have been enhanced using BHD and THD techniques. Structural features have been delineated from EIGEN6C4 free-air gravity data using THD and BHD techniques over a part of the Bay of Bengal. Major lineaments have been identified in N–S direction followed by those identified along the NE–SW, NW–SE and E–W directions. Both studies of synthetic models and real gravity data reveal that BHD is an advanced technique than THD.     

引水隧洞洞内平面控制网布设方案设计与分析

结合鄂北地区水资源配置项目中的宝林隧洞工程,对引水隧洞洞内平面控制网的布设方案进行了分析。设计了单一导线法、交叉导线法和连续自由设站法3种布设方案,并针对前2种方法加测了陀螺方位角,将其作为新增观测量进行联合平差,得到最优布站方案,用于指导工程施工。     

Symmetry distribution of cities in China

The authors of this paper induced five principles of geographical symmetry based on the space distributions of cities and towns in China. There is a symmetry distribution of cities and towns. The symmetry characteristics are the following: (i) the average coordination number of the cities (including large cities, medium cities and county towns) is 6 (i.g. rotation symmetry); (ii) the distribution of large and medium cities are shown to be the latticework in which two directions are parallel to two main tectonic ones in China, respectively; (iii) the distribution of county towns of a province is also shown to be the latticework in which two directions are parallel to two tectonic ones in this province (i. g. two-dimensional translation) and (iv) the concentric circle distribution of cities (CCDC) is centered round a large city (i. g. rotation symmetry).     

砂土中大直径单桩水平循环加载模型试验研究

采用电机伺服水平循环加载设备开展了一系列1g模型试验,研究砂土中大直径单桩在水平循环荷载作用下的刚度和变形累积特性。试验结果表明,一次加卸载产生的残余位移约为峰值位移的80%;随着循环次数的增加,循环加载滞回曲线面积逐渐减小,表明桩周土体行为从弹塑性向弹性阶段转变;滞回曲线割线刚度随着循环次数的增加,呈现先增后减的变化,为浅层桩周土体逐渐密实以及桩周土体抵抗由浅层向深层发展的趋势引起;桩顶累积位移随桩径增加而近似等幅减小,随埋深增加,位移的减小幅度也逐渐减小,表明了临界埋深的存在。在指数模型的基础上,在双对数坐标系中通过线性拟合给出了循环累积位移经验模型,发现增大桩径对于减小循环累积位移的效果要好于埋深。     

Água Bonita pull apart basin and its relationship to Transbrasiliano Lineament

The Transbrasiliano Lineament (TBL), a NE-SW trending strike slip system at least 2700 km long, is one of the main structures of the South American Platform. This lineament, along with other structures, influenced greatly the installation and depositional history of the Paraná and Parnaíba sedimentary basins. The Água Bonita Basin (ABB) occurs at an intermediate position between both basins. This work aims to provide information on the origin and evolution of the Água Bonita Basin, considered a Silurian-Devonian basin, as well as its relationship with the Transbrasiliano Lineament.Geological, aero and ground geophysics data were used to determine a structural geological model for the ABB located in the Brasilia Fold Belt in the Tocantins tectonic province. The airborne geophysical magnetic data used in the study were acquired in the 1970s by the existing 147 ground gravity stations in addition to the 498 new ground gravity and geodetic stations that were added to the existing ones.The analysis of the outcrops allowed identifying the sedimentary facies associations providing new information on the depositional environments. The compilation of existing data, satellite images analysis, geological maps and shaded relief provided an integrated model for the study area.A geological model was proposed for the ABB based on the interpretation, integration, depth analysis and 2D gravity forward modeling according to a theoretical model for an extensional duplex in a strike slip system with flower structures. We observed several segmented gravity anomalies, which were interpreted as steps/faults. This interpretation is consistent with a pull apart basin. According to the depth data estimated by this model, the maximum thickness of the Água Bonita Formation is 1.6 km and 2.4 km for the precursor rift. The basin has two dextral faults on each border, whose main fault of the TBL strike slip system and the master fault controlling the ABB are observed on the east border of the rift phase. Lineaments perpendicular to the west edge, in addition to those crossing the ABB in the N65E, delineate peculiar magnetic, gravity and geological signatures in the northern part of the basin. The basin is located in the weak region of the TBL and its main eastern fault is dipping sub-vertically to the west. This fault modeled up to the 8 km depth using the gravity data, was also observed in the Tilt Angle of the Total Horizontal Gradient (TAHG) matched filter grid result at approximately 8 km, however this may not be this fault maximum depth.Three main sedimentary-tectonic stages were observed, (i) a Pre-Devonian precursor rift present in the Água Bonita Basin and Jaibaras Group; (ii) the sag stage developed during the Devonian, when the Paleozoic basins of Paraná, Parnaíba and Água Bonita Basin were connected evidenced by the sedimentary facies and similar thicknesses; and (iii) the Pos-devonian rocks that are probably not preserved in the Água Bonita Basin.