地质导向技术在煤层气水平井中的应用——以柳林区块某多分支水平井为例

地质导向技术能有效提高煤层气水平井施工成功率和煤层钻遇率,但由于其具有导向参数多、工艺要求高、易受地质因素影响等特点,使其在实际应用中还存在诸多难点。以柳林区块内某多分支水平井为例,针对该井现场地质导向作业面临的资料缺乏、参数受欠平衡钻进干扰、煤层结构复杂等难点,建立合适的地质导向模型,优选合理的导向参数和导向系统,对地质导向技术在实际应用中的工艺与流程进行了系统论述。实践表明,地质导向技术在该井的应用效果良好:煤层钻遇率达到了93.1%;截至目前,该井的产气量达8600m3/d,且还在进一步提升。     

水平分量磁变仪标度值随记录n变化率的测定及应用

水平分量磁变仪标度值Ｓ随记录ｎ的变化呈稳定的线性关系，但变化率Ｋｎ各地磁台仪器并不相同。用本文方法测定Ｋｎ可以获得满意的结果。Ｋｎ的精确测定可使水平分量磁变仪非线性记录的计算方法进入实用化，可以校正Ｋ尺或电磁转换函计算值使之更精确，从而提高地磁资料质量。     

井筒式地下连续墙水平承载能力模型试验研究

井筒式地下连续墙利用构造接头把地下连续墙段连接成一个平面为封闭形状挡土结构,其刚度大,承载力高。由于基础内部含有大面积的土芯,存在墙内土芯、墙体以及外部土体的相互作用。采用水平单向单循环维持荷载法,通过3个不同截面尺寸的单孔闭合墙水平静载试验,研究闭合地下连续墙基础的水平承载特性。基于墙身内力及位移测试结果,研究了井筒式地下连续墙基础在水平荷载作用下的承载机理,分析了水平荷载-位移特性、墙身位移、墙身弯矩、剪力、转角随深度的分布规律。试验结果表明,闭合墙基础呈整体倾斜破坏特性,墙身弯矩随墙深呈非线性变化,墙身剪力在加载处最大,在墙身弯矩极大值处墙身剪力为0,0点以下,墙身剪力随深度呈“大肚形”变化,并且闭合墙的承载力随着闭合墙边长的增大,深度的提高而提高。     

非饱和土中水平入渗方程显式求解

在求解非饱和态土中水分入渗问题时,水力函数是体积含水率或者吸力的函数,致使其控制方程呈现出强非线性的特征,进而使得其求解变得十分困难。基于水分在土体介质中流动耗时取极值路径的选择这一假定,引入时间泛函,基于变分法原理将水平入渗问题转化为泛函极值问题。通过求解Euler–Lagrange方程,结合边界条件,得到非线性瞬态水平入渗问题的显式解析解。结合Brooks-Corey型水力函数,显式地求解出该类型非饱和态土的体积含水率发展分布规律。通过计算4种不同类型土体的水平入渗规律,将求解结果与已有结果以及数值结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:体积含水率分布与位置距离和湿润峰距离比值呈幂函数关系,指数取决于土-水特征曲线的形状参数;初始条件与边界条件会对体积含水率分布造成不同程度的影响。     

A multiphase approach for evaluating the horizontal and rocking impedances of pile group foundations

This paper advocates the use of a multiphase model, already developed for static or quasi‐static geotechnical engineering problems, for simulating the behaviour of piled raft foundations subject to horizontal as well as rocking dynamic solicitations. It is shown that such a model, implemented in a FEM code, yields appropriate predictions for the foundation impedance characteristics, provided that shear and bending effects in the piles are taken into account, thus corroborating the findings of the asymptotic homogenization theory. Besides, it is notably pointed out that such a multiphase‐based computational tool makes it possible to assess the dynamic behaviour of pile groups in a much quicker way than when using direct numerical simulations, which may face oversized problems when large pile groups are concerned. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广州地铁五号线第三方水平位移监测的实践

通过广州地铁五号线土建施工第三方监测实践,介绍并分析TCA2003智能型全站仪在极坐标法水平位移监测中的适用性,提出平面位移量的计算方法,总结了第三方水平位移监测的方法和技术要点。     

煤层定向水平分支井预测方法研究

借鉴石油系统地质导向工作方法,提出煤层中水平段钻进确定煤层倾角的三维空间计算方法,以及如何指导进入着陆点后调整孔斜角的原则。根据不同地层产状下钻头钻进和钻出煤层的姿态,总结出在钻进过程中因煤层产状变化引起的8种不同脱靶(入靶)模式,并推导出三维空间内8种模式下真实煤层视倾角的计算方法。采用半定量的方法给出脱靶后调整钻孔轨迹的方法以及孔斜调整区间。通过钻探实例验证该预测算法能够指导减少脱靶,提高煤层钻遇率和钻井效率。     

Hydrogeological aspects of groundwater drainage of the urban areas in Kuwait City

Residential areas in Kuwait City have witnessed a dramatic rise in subsurface water tables over the last three decades. This water rise phenomenon is attributed mainly to over irrigation practices of private gardens along with leakage from domestic and sewage networks. This paper presents a comprehensive study for urban drainage in two selected areas representing the two hydrogeological settings encountered in Kuwait City. In the first area, a vertical drainage scheme was applied successfully over an area of 1 km². The system has been under continuous operation and monitoring for more than 4 years without problems, providing a permanent solution for the water rise problem in this area. The hydrogeological system has approached steady state conditions and the water levels have dropped to about 3·5 m below the ground surface. In the second area a dual drainage scheme, composing of horizontal and vertical elements, is proposed. Horizontal elements are suggested in the areas where the deep groundwater contains hazardous gases that may pose environmental problems. The proposed drainage scheme in the second area has not yet been implemented. Field tests were conducted to assess the aquifer parameters in both areas and a numerical model has been developed to predict the long‐term response of the hydrogeological system in the two areas under consideration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混合LS-TLS的GM（1,1）模型在基坑水平位移监测中的应用

通过分析传统GM（1,1）模型的局限性,提出了混合整体最小二乘法（混合LS-TLS）的GM（1,1）模型,并将其应用于宁夏某深基坑水平位移的监测中。同时,将此模型与最小二乘法（LS）的GM（1,1）模型及整体最小二乘法（TLS）的GM（1,1）模型进行了对比,分析了3种模型所求水平位移的预测值。结果表明,混合LS-TLS的GM（1,1）模型更符合工程实际,预测精度更高,在深基坑水平位移监测中具有一定的实用性。     

大型基坑工程水平位移监测与预测结果分析

以银川大世界商务广场的基坑为例,介绍了大型基坑工程水平位移监测的实施方案,给出了水平位移监测方法的精度,并对监测成果进行了分析。在此基础上,分别用多项式拟合和时间序列分析模型两种方法进行建模,对基坑水平位移进行预测,结果表明,该基坑水平位移较小,在规范规定的要求之内,说明基坑是稳定的;时间序列分析模型的预测精度要高于多项式拟合模型的精度。