采用钻孔倾斜仪监测滑坡深部水平位移方法和仪器的研究

介绍了目前滑坡深部水平位移钻孔倾斜仪人工监测方法存在的问题,钻孔深部位移自动化监测通信方法的选择。地质滑坡灾害监测中广泛使用钻孔倾斜仪,介绍了CZ-2型钻孔倾斜仪的构成及现场测试方法。     

透空式水平板波浪上托力分布

通过系列模型试验，对波浪上托力沿板宽分布进行了详细分析，提出对于透空式平板结构，发生较大冲击压强或上托力的分布主要分为均布型和局部冲击型两类，由此得到压强分布的计算公式。大量试验资料表明，该公式与实验值有着较好的一致性。     

Horizontal spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nearshore larval fish assemblages at a temperate rocky shore

There have been no previous studies of the composition of nearshore larval fish assemblages along the coast of Portugal. We aimed to describe the composition and horizontal distribution patterns of larval fish assemblages and their temporal dynamics near a rocky reef at depths shallower than 13 m (inshore) and at two miles (3.70 km) from shore (offshore), as well as along transects perpendicular to the shoreline, from the reef to 10 miles offshore (18.52 km). Samples were taken using 5 min sub-surface trawls at the rocky shore of the Arrábida Marine Park (W Portugal). A total of 1021 larvae were collected, belonging to 61 taxa inshore and to 29 taxa offshore. Along transects, 626 larvae of 52 taxa were collected. Most larvae belonged to coastal species associated with rocky reefs. Total larval abundance and diversity were higher from May to July, which is consistent with the spawning activity of adults. Diversity and total larval abundance decreased significantly with increasing distance from shore, both in the inshore/offshore comparison and in the transects, where this decrease was evident at a very small spatial scale (within the first mile from the reef). Species assemblages differed in the pattern of distribution, with most species clearly associated to the extreme nearshore. The distribution patterns obtained were independent of the spawning mode of species. Results are discussed in the light of the possible physical mechanisms that can potentially act at the Arrábida Marine Park to facilitate larvae retention and the role of larval behaviour.     

Statistics of wave forces on large horizontal cylinders

To the first order in a Stokes expansion, the pressure force exerted by a sea state on a large horizontal cylinder represents a stationary random Gaussian process. A relationship is obtained between the spectrum of this process and the wave spectrum. As a consequence, the basic statistical properties of the height and period of the individual waves of the force-process are also obtained. It is proven that these statistical properties agree very well with the data from a small scale field experiment.     

晋江河口及泉州湾湿地生物分布特点

泉州湾受晋江河口径流影响很大，导致湿地生物的水平分布与盐度的分布紧密相关．大致分为湾外和外湾种、内湾低盐种、感潮河段咸淡水种．长腕和尚蟹、扁平蛛网海胆和文昌鱼仅分布在外湾或湾外的砂质海底．3种红树植物、互花米草、招潮蟹、弹涂鱼是内湾泥滩的优势种．咸水草是感潮河段咸淡水指标种．河蚬虽是淡水种，也分布在低盐河段．     

Jellyfish patch formation investigated by aerial photography and drifter experiment

Jellyfish patch formation is investigated by conducting a drifter experiment combined with aerial photography of a sustained patch of the moon jellyfish in Hokezu Bay, Japan. Jellyfish patches are aggregations of individuals that are caused by a combination of swimming (active influence) and advection by currents (passive influence). The drifter experiment involved the injection of 49 drifters around a distinct surface patch of jellyfish within an area of approximately 300 m × 300 m. The drifters’ motion, caused only by the passive influence, was recorded in a series of 38 aerial photographs taken over approximately 1 h. The ambient uniform current field larger than the patch scale was estimated from the movement of the centroid position of drifters, while the distribution of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity around the patch was estimated from the time-derivative in areas of triangles formed by the drifters. The centroid positions of both drifters and patches moved stably toward the bay head at different speeds. The difference vector between the patch and drifter centroids was directed to the sun, and was opposite to the ambient current. The distributions of vorticity and divergence around patches exhibited inhomogeneity within the patch scale, and the drifters in this nonuniform current field aggregated near the convergence area within 1 h. The results suggest that horizontal patch formation is predominantly influenced by passive factors at the surface of Hokezu Bay. Furthermore, the upward swimming against downwelling may make sustained patch in surface layer.     

正交距离圆曲线拟合方法

在分析圆曲线拟合准则基础上,提出采用正交最小二乘法拟合圆曲线。该方法以圆曲线正交距离残差平方和极小为准则。基于间接平差原理详细推导了相关模型和算法,并以实际算例说明了该方法的效果。     

关于地球和月球首子午线的研究

首先对地球首子午线在不同时期的定义进行了分析和总结,进一步明确了当前对地球首子午线的严格定义,澄清了地球首子午线即过格林尼治天文台的子午线这一模糊认识。同时,结合我国月球探测工程的需要,分析了目前IAU推荐的月球首子午线定义和Bryce Walden等人提出的月球首子午线定义的优缺点。最后,对我国月球探测工程中坐标系的选择提出了建设性的意见。     

水平井含水率上升影响因素

利用塔里木油田塔中4油田(TZ4)底水油藏相关的地质、流体数据建立数值模型。在所建模型的基础上,应用数值模拟计算的累积产油、产水和产液量回归俞启泰水驱特征曲线,以反映水平井见水特征的参数b。以参数b为研究对象,采用正交试验的方法研究不同因素对b值的影响,筛选影响水平井见水特征的主要因素,认为原油粘度、油层厚度、非均质性及水平井水平段在油藏中的位置是影响水平井含水上升趋势的主要指标。最后建立主要因素与b值的关系式,结合俞启泰曲线b值图版,提出预测水平井见水规律的公式——图版法(F-b法)。应用F-b法对塔里木水平井含水率进行预测,并与其他相关方法及实际生产数据对比,认为F-b法可作为预测塔里木油田水平井含水率、估算可采储量的一种有效方法。