热带西太平洋海域上层海洋热含量的CSEOF分析

基于月平均Argo温、盐度剖面、纬向风和Ni o3.4指数等资料,利用循环平稳经验正交函数(CSEOF)分解法、最大熵谱分析和相关分析等方法,研究了热带西太平洋海域上层(0—700m)海洋热含量的时空变化特征,并探讨了其年际变化的可能原因。结果表明,热带西太平洋海域上层海洋热含量距平场具有显著的东-西向反位相振荡,且这种振荡除了具有较明显的季节变化外,还存在着较强的准2a振荡。此外,热含量距平场还存在着负-正-负的三极式经向模态,该模态除了具有明显的季节变化外,还存在着显著的准4a振荡。进一步分析表明,热含量的准2a振荡与ENSO事件的发生有着非常密切的联系,并对赤道西太平洋纬向风异常有1—2月的滞后响应。     

A study on the seismic behavior of a retrofitted building based on nonlinear static and dynamic analyses

This study describes the seismic performance of an existing five storey reinforced concrete building which represents the typical properties of low-rise non-ductile buildings in Turkey. The effectiveness of shear walls and the steel bracings in retrofitting the building was examined through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. By using the nonlinear static analysis, retrofitted buildings seismic performances under lateral seismic load were compared with each other. Moreover, the performance points and response levels of the existing and retrofitting cases were determined by way of the capacity-spectrum method described in ATC-40 (1996). For the nonlinear dynamic analysis the records were selected torepresent wide ranges of duration and frequency content. Considering the change in the stiffness and the energy dissipation capacities, the performance of the existing and retrofitted buildings were evaluated in terms of story drifts and damage states. It was found that each earthquake record exhibited its own peculiarities, dictated by frequency content, duration, sequence of peaks and their amplitude. The seismic performance of retrofitted buildings resulted in lower displacements and higher energy dissipation capacity depending mainly on the properties of the ground motions and the retrofitting strategies. Moreover, severe structural damage (irreparable or collapse) was observed for the existing building. However, buildings with retrofit alternatives exhibited lower damage levels changing from no damage to irreparable damage states.     

农户层面农村宅基地流转研究进展与述评

农户层面研究对解析人地关系特别是农户与地理环境的相互作用所凸显的优越性与实践性收到学界的广泛推崇,成为当前学者研究农村发展与土地利用问题的重要手段。采用文献回顾法、归纳法,本文对国内外农户层面农村宅基地流转研究进行了归纳与对比分析。研究表明,国内外学者对宅基地流转的讨论对象与研究热点差异明显,研究方法与视角等也略有差异。国外学者对宅基地流转研究的关注度尚不多,已有成果主要集中在20世纪80 年代以前,研究多基于农户层面的问卷调查展开,偏重对流转过程中农户流转行为,流转区位选择,流转与逆城市化带来的影响展开;国内学者对宅基地流转的关注日益提升,研究内容涉及流转中农户权益保障的政策讨论,农户心理与行为响应分析,农户需求与收益分配研究,流转政策实施评价等方面,研究以经济地理学、行为经济学、社会学等理论为指导,以探求农户需求与保障农户权益为出发点展开讨论,大量运用调查数据展开实证讨论。今后研究应加强对流转过程中各个主体需求的讨论,并注重对农户生存与经济、社会与精神等需求层面关注,加强地理空间信息与社会经济环境相结合的研究,加强对农户模型与计量经济学方法的系统运用与校验。     

Simulations of strong ground motion in SW Iberia for the 1969 February 28 (Ms= 8.0) and the 1755 November 1 (M∼ 8.5) earthquakes – II. Strong ground motion simulations

This is the second paper of a series of two concerning strong ground motion in SW Iberia due to earthquakes originating from the adjacent Atlantic area. The aim of this paper is to use the velocity model that was proposed and validated in the companion paper for seismic intensity modelling of the 1969 ( M _s= 8.0) and 1755 ( M = 8.5–8.7) earthquakes.
First, we propose a regression to convert simulated values of Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) into Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) in SW Iberia, and using this regression, we build synthetic isoseismal maps for a large ( M _s= 8.0) earthquake that occurred in 1969. Based on information on the seismic source provided by various authors, we show that the velocity model effectively reproduces macroseismic observations in the whole region. We also confirm that seismic intensity distribution is very sensitive to a small number of source parameters: rupture directivity, fault strike and fault dimensions. Then, we extrapolate the method to the case of the great ( M = 8.5–8.7) 1755 earthquake, for a series of hypotheses recently proposed by three authors about the location of the epicentral region. The model involving a subduction-related rupture in the Gulf of Cádiz results in excessive ground motion in northern Morocco, suggesting that the source of the 1755 earthquake should be located further west. A rupture along the western coast of Portugal, compatible with an activation of the passive western Iberian margin, would imply a relatively low average slip, which, alone, would could not account for the large tsunami observed in the whole northern Atlantic ocean. A seismic source located below the Gorringe Bank seems the most likely since it is more efficient in reproducing the distribution of high intensities in SW Iberia due to the 1755 earthquake.     

从概念到立法:中国战略环境评价的回顾与展望

总结了国内10年来SEA在理论研究、技术方法、实践、管理制度等方面的成果、经验、存在问题,最后指出SEA的发展趋势与建议,包括建立覆盖决策链所有环节、贯穿决策全过程的环境评价体系,基于强化规划环评与生态规划的联系提出构建相辅相成的规划与评价体系的建议,以及将SEA作为促进决策的民主化与科学化、全面落实可持续发展战略的重要手段等。     

海洋荷载下滨海地区深层地下水波动特征：以南通阳光岛和通州湾为例

以往对海洋荷载影响下深层孔隙水波动特性的研究相对较少。基于2018—2020年南通阳光岛和通州湾深层地下水的逐时水位监测数据,运用小波分析法探讨了海洋荷载对深层地下水水位波动的影响。分析发现,从浅海区域的阳光岛到近海岸区域的通州湾,深层地下水水位具有周期波动规律,主周期为19 h,波动周期为12 h与13 h。阳光岛深层地下水水位振幅较大,变化范围为0.23～2.78 m,年最大振幅＞2 m;通州湾深层地下水水位振幅较小且稳定,年最大振幅仅为0.34 m。研究结果表明,浅海区域的深层地下水水位振幅较为显著,在从海洋荷载区域向非海洋荷载区域传递过程中,振幅呈现出非线性衰减的趋势。研究结果对理解滨海地区地下水系统动态及其对海洋荷载的响应具有重要的科学意义。     

探地雷达信号消噪中的时频谱分解重排算法

为了改善现有的时频域算法对于探地雷达信号消噪效果不佳的现状,本文利用时频谱分解重排算法实现了探地雷达信号的优化消噪处理.由于采用窗口函数对信号进行划分,传统的时频变换方法得到的结果是模糊化的信号时频分布,这使得在时频消噪过程中,如果阈值取不好,信号的有用成份极容易受到损伤.而采用时频谱分解重排算法可以对信号的时频变换结果进行重排,使得信号能量更加集中在真实频率点附近,从而获得更高的分辨率,而且可以显著降低消噪过程中对有用信息损伤的几率.仿真数据和实际资料对比结果表明,时频重排谱分解算法比传统消噪方法具有更好的消噪效果.     

长江三峡库区和上游气候变化特点及其影响

三峡大坝蓄水过程对邻近区域气候的影响一直是国内外学术界广泛关注的热点问题。三峡大坝从2003年投入使用至今,水位从66 m上升至175 m,经历了3个蓄水阶段,为观测水库水位与库区降雨量相关性提供了极佳的窗口期。为了精准分辨两者在多周期多尺度的相互影响,基于三峡库区的4个国家气象观测站的历史逐日降雨数据和三峡蓄排水过程水位变化数据,进行交叉小波分析,提取能量谱、凝聚谱和相位谱,展现两类数据时频域多尺度的相关细节。结果表明,三峡大坝蓄排水过程对库区降雨有影响,第一期蓄水期最明显,表现为库区降雨年周期性相对减弱,高频模式增强;历史数据表明库区降雨主要表现为1.0 a主周期和2.0 a、4.0 a等多个次长周期;三期蓄水之后,库区降雨量的1.0 a主周期没有改变,而多个次长周期特征变化明显。交叉小波相位谱揭示水库蓄排水过程对库区降雨的人工调节和自然调节影响,前者表现为水位变化与降雨1.0 a主周期的完全反相,明显不同于蓄水之前的同相特征;后者表现为高频分量（1/128~1/32 a）的反相特征,其规模效应随大坝建成而增强。值得关注的现象是巴东站与荆州站的降雨存在3.5 a次长周期的反相特征,可能是大坝蓄水后改变了水循环的范围。     

动载作用下混凝土细观损伤的CT图像分割和灰度共生矩阵特征值研究

动载作用下混凝土随应力变化的系列CT图像完整地记录了混凝土内部破损过程,在CT图像中能直接观察到细观裂纹时混凝土往往已发生宏观破坏,挖掘混凝土材料损伤的细观信息是混凝土细观力学分析的核心。本文基于混凝土单轴动态压缩CT试验,获得不同应力阶段的横断面CT图像,分别应用图像分割技术和灰度共生矩阵法提取孔隙率和4个特征值,研究孔隙率和4个特征值随应力的变化规律。结果表明孔隙率随应力的增加显示出单调增加的总趋势,个别部位在应力水平较小时孔隙率随应力增加变化不大,反映出混凝土的压密效应。受压密效应影响,对比度在低应力水平时随应力增加有升有降,能量对应力变化不够敏感,相关性和同质性随应力的增加单调增加,对应力变化较为敏感,能反映混凝土整体损伤过程。对混凝土CT图像进行分区后再研究孔隙率、同质性和相关性随应力的变化,可以更好地反映动载作用下混凝土的细观损伤过程。     

一种随机有限断层的三维地震动模拟方法——鲁甸地震为例

传统随机有限断层方法只能模拟水平单向地震动,不能完全满足工程抗震设计对三维（两个水平向及竖向）地震动需求。文中在传统方法的基础上发展了一种可模拟三维地震动的随机有限断层方法,利用水平向和/或垂直向P、SV、SH波在频域上的经验表达并结合随机相位合成三维地震动加速度时程。为验证方法的可靠性,模拟了2014年云南鲁甸地震的三维地震动。结果表明,改进方法合成的加速度时程波形与观测记录较相似,且模拟记录PGA、0.05~10 s周期段PSA幅值和谱形与观测记录也具有良好一致性,能合理反映地震动随距离的衰减规律;鲁甸地震三维地震动的可靠模拟也验证了路径衰减、路径持时经验模型、高频衰减参数、震源谱衰减率等模拟输入参数的可靠性,可进一步应用于该区域设定地震地震动预测。