河口水流结构分解及斜压M4分潮流探讨

河口水流是河口生态环境、河道演变、物质输运等物理过程的根本动力。由于径流、潮波、地形以及气象等因素的影响,河口水流呈现复杂的三维结构。其中既包括淡水注入形成的余流,也包括周期性的潮流、风生流、斜压流及河口非线性作用导致的流动等。为探究河口水流的组成及其潮内变化,基于瓯江口实测资料,利用主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）法对河口水流进行分解,探讨了PCA法对河口水流的分解性能及斜压分潮流的高频特征。研究认为,PCA法在河口水流结构研究中既可采用原始数据操作亦可用标准化的数据进行计算。PCA法可分解出斜压成分（河口重力环流型结构）,但不能将正压成分（径流和潮流）分开,径流和潮流二者综合作用的结果体现在主成分的得分之中。主成分的取舍应根据水流结构和累计解释方差综合判断,不宜仅依据累计解释方差。河口斜压流动具有明显的高频特征,近似呈1/4日分潮的周期。     

双星系统中大质量比致密天体质量四极矩对轨道频率的影响分析

极端质量比旋进系统是空间引力波探测器最重要的波源之一。对引力波的探测需要高精度波形模版。当前主流的极端质量比旋进系统引力波计算模型中,人们一般将小质量天体当作试验粒子进行计算,而忽略了其结构及自身引力对背景引力场的影响。利用MathissonPapapetrou-Dixon方程研究延展体在弯曲时空中的运动,以及小天体自旋和质量多极矩对引力波信号识别产生的影响。结果表明,质量比在10^-6～10^-4范围的旋进系统,其自旋达到很大时,自旋对延展体的轨道运动有不可忽略的影响;在质量比10^-4～10^-2区间内,需要考虑中心黑洞潮汐作用导致的白矮星形变;在质量比大于10^-4,且白矮星自旋很大时,其自旋产生的形变会对小天体轨道运动产生不可忽略的影响。大质量黑洞潮汐作用导致的恒星级黑洞或中子星产生的形变可以忽略,中子星和黑洞的自旋会对轨道运动产生不可忽略的影响,而自旋产生的四极矩对轨道运动不产生影响。     

大巴山推覆构造特征的探讨

大巴山推覆构造位于秦岭造山带和四川盆地的过渡部位,由拉张盆地、推覆带、活动带、扰动带和主滑面组成.其中活动带与扰动带是油气聚集的有利地区.经重磁资料分析计算,指出推覆带推覆距离,并推测推覆带下可能存在四川盆地沉积地层,这对拓宽四川盆地油气资源勘查具有积极意义.     

球谐旋转变换结合非全次Legendre方法的局部六边形网格重力场球谐综合

本文首次提出基于六边形网格剖分的全球重力场结构,并解决了局部六边形网格点模型重力异常快速计算问题.首先,采用全新的方法给出缔合Legendre函数值从稳定振荡区到快速衰减区分界线的理论表达式,并基于该公式提出一种基于跨阶次递推的非全次Legendre方法,实现了高纬度地区点的快速球谐综合.其次,引入球谐旋转（Spherical Harmonic Rotation）理论,实现了2160阶次的球谐系数在坐标系旋转下的变换,结合非全次Legendre方法,解决了中低纬度地区点的快速球谐综合.通过计算南极洲（高纬）低分辨率和加里曼丹岛（低纬）高分辨率六边形网格重力异常表明,非全次Legendre方法以10^-19m·s^-2精度水平与传统全阶次方法计算结果吻合,且计算效率提升1倍多,旋转变换结合非全次Legendre方法的计算精度在10^-16m·s^-2,效率提升近5倍.本文提出的方法不仅提升了球谐综合的计算效率,凡是有高纬度的缔合Legendre函数计算的问题,都可利用该方法提升效率,同时,超高阶次球谐旋转变量变换的实现将在地磁场模型构建、计算机视觉、量子物理等领域发挥重要作用.

     

卫星跟踪卫星测量模式中星载加速度计高低灵敏轴分辨率指标优化设计论证

本文利用改进的能量守恒法开展了GRACE星载加速度计与K波段星间测速仪及GPS接收机精度指标之间的匹配模拟论证. 结果表明：（1）采用GRACE公布的其他载荷精度指标,当加速度计分辨率指标设计为ACC_X=(1～10)×10^-9m/s², ACC_Y,Z=(1～10)×10^-10m/s²时,在120阶处恢复累计大地水准面的精度为19～80 cm,恢复1.5°×1.5°累计重力异常的精度为0.3～1.3 mGal;(2)建议我国将来卫星重力测量计划中星载加速度计三轴分辨率指标设计为ACC_X=(1～5)×1010^-9m/s²,ACC_Y,Z=(1～5)×10^-10m/s²较合适,与GRACE其他载荷精度指标基本匹配.     

Detection of a neutrino signal from SN 1987A on February 23, 1987 at 7:35 UT: Data from the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope

The signal detected by the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope comprises five events over a period of 9.1 s. Data from all detectors (Kamiokande II, IMB, Baksan, and LSD) are used to estimate the energy carried away from the stellar core in the form of electron antineutrinos.     

Formulation of reference solutions for compaction process in sedimentary basins

This paper is devoted to the development of semianalytical solutions for the deformation induced by gravitational compaction in sedimentary basins. Formulated within the framework of coupled plasticity–viscoplasticity at large strains, the modeling dedicates special emphasis to the effects of material densification associated with large irreversible porosity changes on the stiffness and hardening of the sediment material. At material level, the purely mechanical compaction taking place in the upper layers of the basin is handled in the context of finite elastoplasticity, whereas the viscoplastic component of behavior is intended to address creep-like deformation resulting from chemo-mechanical that prevails at deeper layers. Semianalytical solutions describing the evolution of mechanical state of the sedimentary basin along both the accretion and postaccretion periods are presented in the simplified oedometric setting. These solutions can be viewed as reference solutions for verification and benchmarks of basin simulators. The proposed approach may reveal suitable for parametric analyses because it requires only standard mathematics-based software for PDE system resolution. The numerical illustrations provide a quantitative comparison between the derived solutions and finite element predictions from an appropriate basin simulator, thus showing the ability of the approach to accurately capture essential features of basin deformation.     

Weak gravitational lensing in the standard cold dark matter model, using an algorithm for three-dimensional shear

We investigate the effects of weak gravitational lensing in the standard cold dark matter cosmology, using an algorithm that evaluates the shear in three dimensions. The algorithm has the advantage of variable softening for the particles, and our method allows the appropriate angular diameter distances to be applied to every evaluation location within each three-dimensional simulation box. We investigate the importance of shear in the distance–redshift relation, and find it to be very small. We also establish clearly defined values for the smoothness parameter in the relation, finding its value to be at least 0.83 at all redshifts in our simulations. From our results, obtained by linking the simulation boxes back to source redshifts of 4, we are able to observe the formation of structure in terms of the computed shear, and also note that the major contributions to the shear come from a very broad range of redshifts. We show the probability distributions for the magnification, source ellipticity and convergence, and also describe the relationships amongst these quantities for a range of source redshifts. We find a broad range of magnifications and ellipticities; for sources at a redshift of 4, 97.5 per cent of all lines of sight show magnifications up to 1.39 and ellipticities up to 0.23. There is clear evidence that the magnification is not linear in the convergence, as might be expected for weak lensing, but contains contributions from higher order terms in both the convergence and the shear. Our results for the one-point distribution functions are generally different from those obtained by other authors using two-dimensional (planar) approaches, and we suggest reasons for the differences. Our magnification distributions for sources at redshifts of 1 and 0.5 are also very different from the results used by other authors to assess the effect on the perceived value of the deceleration parameter, and we briefly address this question.     

The determination of gravitational potential differences from satellite-to-satellite tracking

A new, rigorous model is developed for the difference of gravitational potential between two close earth-orbiting satellites in terms of measured range-rates, velocities and velocity differences, and specific forces. It is particularly suited to regional geopotential determination from a satellite-to-satellite tracking mission. Based on energy considerations, the model specifically accounts for the time variability of the potential in inertial space, principally due to earth’s rotation. Analysis shows the latter to be a significant (±1 m²/s²) effect that overshadows by many orders of magnitude other time dependencies caused by solar and lunar tidal potentials. Also, variations in earth rotation with respect to terrestrial and celestial coordinate frames are inconsequential. Results of simulations contrast the new model to the simplified linear model (relating potential difference to range-rate) and delineate accuracy requirements in velocity vector measurements needed to supplement the range-rate measurements. The numerical analysis is oriented toward the scheduled Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and shows that an accuracy in the velocity difference vector of 2×10⁻⁵ m/s would be commensurate within the model to the anticipated accuracy of 10⁻⁶ m/s in range-rate. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.