基于多元统计的微量元素地球化学特征分析——以广西资源县向阳坪地区构造蚀变岩型铀矿为例

应用聚类分析和因子分析对广西资源县向阳坪地区构造蚀变岩型铀矿样品的22种微量元素进行了系统分析。分析结果表明,W—Sr—Hg—As—Sb元素组合在铀成矿作用过程中起关键性作用。该元素组合特征可以用于本区地球化学找矿中判别构造的含矿性以及推断隐伏的铀矿体。     

四水硝酸钙熔盐的结构研究

用θ~θ液体衍射仪精确测量了Ca(NO3)2.4H2O熔体的X射线衍射数据,通过数据处理给出了熔盐的结构函数和实验径向分布函数曲线,并由r=0.618λ/sinθ对结构函数曲线进行了定性描述;通过理论模型计算获得了熔体配位结构参数。研究结果表明,熔体中至少存在一种带单氧桥键或双氧桥键的双核配合物;并用计算给出的局域结构模型,讨论了熔体结构对晶体生长过程的影响。     

Geochemical types of pacific polymetallic nodules: An application of multivariate analysis

A total of 843 samples of Pacific Ocean polymetallic nodules (PNs) from five survey areas have been studied (metals analyzed: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Pb). The statistical analysis included the following techniques: factor R analysis, quick cluster Q analysis into 50 preclasses, various hierarchical cluster Q analyses (HCAs) using the preclasses (application of different HCAs to an identical set of data and of an identical HCA to two different subsets of the data), comparison of the HCA. The PNs of the survey areas can be grouped into five geochemical types (I‐V). The genesis of the PNs was interpreted as early diagenetic, hydrogenetic, and mixed (early diagenetic/hydrogenetic and hydrogenetic/hydrothermal. In addition, some further conclusions regarding the applicability of various HCA techniques depending on the structure of the data set have been drawn.     

Influence of air masses on particle number concentration and size distribution at Mt. Waliguan, Qinghai Province, China

Particle size distribution of 12–500 nm was measured at Mt. Waliguan, China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory, from Aug. in 2005 to May in 2007. 72-hr back-trajectories at 100-m arrival height above ground level for the same period were calculated at 6:00, 12:00, and 21:00 (Beijing Time) for each day using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT-4) model developed by NOAA/ARL. It was found that air mass sources significantly impact particle number concentration and size distribution at Mt. Waliguan. Cluster analysis of back-trajectories show that higher Aitken mode particle number concentration was observed when air masses came from or passed by the northeastern section of Mt. Waliguan, with short trajectory length. High number concentration of nucleation mode was associated with air masses from clean regions, with long trajectory length     

黑龙江省科洛火山群火山地质研究

科洛火山群的新生代火山共有23座,坐落于科洛河两岸,火山岩面积约为350km2,岩性主要为碱性玄武岩.由于地处NE向断陷盆地这一特殊的构造位置,科洛地区的火山活动及展布主要受到区域基底断裂的制约.火山喷发形式总体为中心式,属斯通博利式火山.火山活动可划分为上新世、更新世和全新世3期.上新世在断陷盆地边缘形成了一系列NE向线性展布的中心式溢出型火山,其中部分火山因风化剥蚀而失去了原有的火山地貌特征,仅保留盾形熔岩台地.早更新世火山活动相对平静.中-晚更新世火山活动仍受到NE向基底断裂的控制,但喷发中心、喷发方式及喷发强度均发生改变,火山由碱玄质火山渣锥和熔岩流组成.进入全新世以后南山喷发,其火山结构保存完好,裸露的熔岩台地保留了较好的微地貌特征.该期火山亦由碱玄质火山渣锥和熔岩流构成.在科洛火山群的火山活动过程中,其熔岩流覆盖了早期沉积地层,并对盆地中的河流进行了改造,最终导致该区断陷盆地初始地貌的改变.     

东昆仑断裂带玛沁段周围小震震源机制解系统聚类分析

利用P、S波最大振幅比计算得到东昆仑断裂带玛沁段周围2008年以来57个小地震震源机制解,并进行系统聚类分析。结果表明,该区小震错动方式以走滑型活动为主,平均主压应力P轴方位角为50°,倾角为5°,主张应力T轴方位角为140°,倾角为4°,与该区所受的地球动力学背景基本一致。     

基于模糊聚类分析的莱州湾南岸地下水化学分布特征研究

针对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵区地下水质连续、渐变和边界模糊的特征,利用规格化变换对莱州湾南岸地下水化学组分数据进行标准化,采用夹角余弦法作为相似系数,用平方法计算传递闭包构造模糊等价矩阵进行模糊聚类分析,将莱州湾南岸地下水划分为3类并绘制其平面分区图.在此基础上,用探索性数据分析技术的箱线图分别识别各类地下水各组分的分位数、中位数、极值等数据分布情况,并结合 Radial 图绘制各类地下水各组分均值;利用基于 CA 舒卡列夫分类方法的 Piper三线图识别了各类地下水的水化学类型;最后在相关分析基础上选取代表性指标绘制等值线图,结合模糊聚类分区探讨了分区各指标的空间结构特征及内在机理.综合上述分析,定义玉区为海水入侵重点治理区,域区为海水入侵综合防范与整治区,芋区为卤水区.     

基于Voronoi邻近的物流车辆路径快速优化算法

 现代物流业需要快速高效并智能化制定物流运输方案。传统路径优化方法适合处理中小规模的车辆路径问题,计算时间较长,方案质量较低,故需发展短时间内能提供高质量路径方案的启发式算法。针对大规模物流车辆路径优化,本文提出了一种Voronoi邻近的快速优化方法。该方法先创建初始解,而后进行迭代优化。初始解创建利用Voronoi邻近关系,顾及车辆容量约束,自底向上进行客户点空间聚类,将问题降维;采用最廉价插入算法安排聚类内部路径,生成性质良好的初始解。迭代优化在客户点Voronoi邻近内进行有效的局部搜索,利用模拟退火机制接受较差解,从而跳出局部最优,不断提高解的质量。本文利用模拟生成的北京市大规模车辆路径问题进行实验,结果表明:本文算法能够在4500s内优化客户点高达12 000个物流车辆路径问题,计算时间较短,解的质量优良,算法性能稳定。本文与其他算法比较,能在较短时间内提供高质量车辆路径方案,适用于大规模物流车辆路径的优化。     

江苏邳州板材集群演化的文化机理

在明晰邳州文化特征和板材产业集群发展历程的基础上,运用访谈和问卷调查方法,从心智模型、社会资本和非正式制度三个层面,分析邳州板材产业集群演化的文化机理。研究表明:文化对集群演化的影响具有立体性,以企业家精神为重要内容的心智模型体现文化的内在能动力量,而社会资本和文化的非正式制度作用体现文化的外在动力;文化对集群的影响具有动态性和阶段性,文化影响的力度与产业集群演化的生命周期具有内在逻辑联系性;由于地域文化二元性和文化与经济演化逻辑的差异性,文化对集群的影响具有复杂性;产业集群既具经济特征,也有文化内涵。产业集群一个的重要功能在于文化的储存记忆和"熔炉"作用,其竞争力在于集群文化的自生能力而内生形成的文化生产力和文化创新力,以及建基与此的文化资本、社会资本、经济资本、技术资本快速流畅的转换。     

Cluster analysis on summer precipitation field over Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2004

The summer day-by-day precipitation data of 97 meteorological stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2004 were selected to analyze the temporal-spatial dis-tribution through accumulated variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis, empirical orthogonal function, power spectrum function and spatial analysis tools of GIS. The result showed that summer precipitation occupied a relatively high proportion in the area with less annual precipitation on the Plateau and the correlation between summer precipitation and annual precipitation was strong. The altitude of these stations and summer precipitation ten-dency presented stronger positive correlation below 2000 m, with correlation value up to 0.604 (α=0.01). The subtracting tendency values between 1961–1983 and 1984–2004 at five altitude ranges (2000–2500 m, 2500–3000 m, 3500–4000 m, 4000–4500 m and above 4500 m) were above zero and accounted for 71.4% of the total. Using empirical orthogonal function, summer precipitation could be roughly divided into three precipitation pattern fields: the Southeast Plateau Pattern Field, the Northeast Plateau Pattern field and the Three Rivers' Headstream Regions Pattern Field. The former two ones had a reverse value from the north to the south and opposite line was along 35°N. The potential cycles of the three pattern fields were 5.33a, 21.33a and 2.17a respectively, tested by the confidence probability of 90%. The station altitudes and summer precipitation potential cycles presented strong negative corre-lation in the stations above 4500 m, with correlation value of –0.626 (α=0.01). In Three Rivers Headstream Regions summer precipitation cycle decreased as the altitude rose in the sta-tions above 3500 m and increased as the altitude rose in those below 3500 m. The empirical orthogonal function analysis in June precipitation, July precipitation and August precipitation showed that the June precipitation pattern field was similar to the July’s, in which southern Plateau was positive and northern Plateau negative. But positive value area in July precipita-tion pattern field was obviously less than June’s. The August pattern field was totally opposite to June’s and July’s. The positive area in August pattern field jumped from the southern Pla-teau to the northern Plateau.