星系团二维分布的分形特征

本文采用分形分析法分别研究了全天区富星系团表中北银纬和南银纬不同深度和不同富性的子样本的二维分布规律，结果发现星系团的二维分布是一个多级分形结构，在Ｄ≤４和Ｄ＝５＋６类子样本中，不同分形级之间的转变尺度所对应的投影尺度均为～４２ｈ~（－１）Ｍｐｃ。在整个尺度范围内，北银纬、南银纬样本星系团的分布规律很相似。     

广州市美丽乡村空间分异特征及其影响因素

以广州市已公布的4批美丽乡村建设试点数据为基础，通过最邻近指数、基于Riple’s函数的多距离空间聚类分析、核密度分析和叠置分析等方法，探讨了广州市美丽乡村的发展现状、空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明：1）自2013年起，广州市美丽乡村数量逐年递增且增长率呈现上升趋势；2）广州市美丽乡村空间分布呈明显的集聚型分布；3）Ripley’s函数分析表明美丽乡村要素点空间分布格局随距离变化略有不同，在0.14 km处集聚强度达到最大；4）核密度分析显示美丽乡村高密度区域主要分布在广州南部和西北部，包括番禺－南沙1个热点主核心区和从化、花都－白云2个热点副核心区，密度分布呈现多核心不均衡特点；5）乡村的地形水文、人文历史、交通区位和政策规划为美丽乡村空间分布的主要影响因素，其中，政策规划因素对“美丽乡村群”空间格局的形成起决定性影响。空间分布特征总体反映出广州市美丽乡村规划建设初见成效，并逐步形成以热点核心区为基础的“美丽乡村群”。最后，在乡村选点、空间优化、价值提升以及乡村治理等方面提出若干建议。     

Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Riemann S-Ellipsoids in Spheroidal Halos. I.

The classical Riemann S-ellipsoids are generalized to account for a Ferrers inhomogeneity in the mass distribution, a three-dimensional anisotropy of the velocity dispersions, and the gravitation of a spheroidal halo. The Ferrers inhomogeneity does not affect the equilibrium and stability conditions for the ellipsoids, but only changes the numerical coefficients in the equilibrium parameters. The anisotropy of the velocity dispersions changes both the equilibrium conditions and the criterion for stability of the ellipsoids, either extending or limiting the region in which the ellipsoids exist. A halo extends this region in all cases and stabilizes the ellipsoids. The observed of the velocity dispersions of stars in the neighborhood of the sun are obtained using the inhomgeneous model. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 613–632 (November 2005).     

The method of a two-point conditional column density for estimating the fractal dimension of the distribution of galaxies

We suggest a new method for estimating the fractal dimension of the spatial distribution of galaxies: the method of selected cylinders. We show the capabilities of this method by constructing a two-point conditional column density for galaxies with known redshifts from the LEDA database. The fractal dimension of a sample of LEDA and EDR SDSS galaxies has been estimated to be 2.1±0.1 for cylinder lengths of 200 Mpc. A major advantage of the suggested method is that it allows scales comparable to the catalog depth to be analyzed for galaxy surveys in the form of conical sectors and small fields in the sky.     

地壳相对活动区的灰色划分

本文根据灰色系统中的聚类原理,提出了有关复测网区内地壳活动区的灰色划分方法,即根据动态平差得到的观测值速率和关联度这两个灰类指标,对观测值按不同的灰类进行灰色聚类,从而划分地壳的相对活动区。文中给出了重力网重复观测值的灰色关联度、聚类权以及灰类白化函数的计算方法,并用一个复测重力网资料进行了计算,结果表明:用该方法所划出的相对活动区与实际情况比较符合。     

A multivariate statistical study of copper mineralization in the central section of Mosaboni Mine, Eastern Singhbhum, India

A multivariate statistical analysis was carried out with log-transformed values of Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cr, Mn, Ca, and Sr in several sets of samples collected across the mineralized base metal zone in sheared soda granite, feldspathic schist, and chlorite schist from the central section of Mosaboni Mine of the famous Singhbhum Copper Belt of eastern India. Linear correlation coefficient matrices of two sets of ore samples (>0.5% Cu)—one from levels 18 and 21 and the other from levels 25 and 28—indicate two well-defined and distinct clusters comprising Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn on one hand and Ca, Sr, and Mn on the other. Varimax-rotatedR-mode factor analysis of two above-noted sample sets, taken along with available geologic information, indicates that over 80% of the variability in data matrices for 9–10 elements can be accounted for by four distinct processes: (a) an early phase of copper mineralization which apparently replaced Mn, Ca, and Sr in the host rock; (b) a silicate-cum-oxide phase of crystallization/recrystallization of host rock; (c) remobilization of sulfide-forming ore elements (Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn); and (d) a phase of mineralization of Ag which appears to have replaced Cr, Ca and Cu. Process (c) was quantitatively most important. Factor score studies are suggestive of preferred introduction of Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn along central parts of preexisting copper-mineralized zones.     

Probing the Formation and Evolution of early-type galaxies: the SAURON project

We are conducting a systematic study of a carefully selected sampleof nearby E/S0 galaxies and Sa bulges using the unique panoramic integral-fieldspectrograph SAURON, mounted at the WHT. The goal of the SAURON projectis to fully map the gaseous/stellar kinematics and the stellar populations of a representative sample of 80 early-type galaxies up to 1 Re,probing different environments (clusters, field). These data, used in combination with existing ground-based and HST observations, and fed to the theoretical machinery we have developed, will allow to determine theintrinsic dynamical structure of the galaxies. We will also measure the masses of central black holes, relate the internal dynamics to the ageand metallicity of the stellar populations, and establish the historyof metal enrichment as a function of Hubble type and environment. Some brief results on two targets observed during the SAURON campaign will serve as an illustration of the unique and high quality data we are currently gathering. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

集聚型空间点模式结构信息提取研究

空间点模式是一个2维离散点集,点集中的每一个元素代表地球表面一个点状目标的空间位置。当2维离散点集具有集聚特征时,称其为集聚型空间点模式,它与空间聚类、制图综合和空间分析的许多具体应用紧密相关。如何提取集聚型空间点模式的结构信息(集聚子群的个数和对应的集聚中心)是其中尚未彻底解决的问题。作者以几何概率为理论基础,提出测度正方形区域内2维离散点集分布特征的H函数并推导其解析表达式,运用H函数设计和实现了集聚型2维离散点集结构信息提取的通用算法。利用该算法处理一个由居民地坐标数据得到的具有集聚特征的空间点模式,提取出其结构信息并进行可视表达。分别以该空间点模式中的各离散点为顶点和发生元生成Delaunay三角网和Voronoi图,在Delaunay三角网中保留面积最小的前1/10、前1/100三角形的顶点,在Voronoi图中保留面积最小的前1/10、前1/100邻近多边形的发生元,将可视表达的点集结构信息分别与依据Delaunay三角网和Voronoi图得到的结果进行对比分析。结果表明,运用H函数能够有效地提取出集聚型空间点模式的全局性结构信息,而Delaunay三角网和Voronoi图虽然能够反映其局部密度,但在提取全局结构信息时存在局限性。     

一种新的岩浆岩分类定量方法

目前,岩浆岩的超基性、基性、中性、酸性的分类均根据SiO2的含量,但这种单一含量判别标准并不严谨,含量经常与分类不完全对应。使用TraceElem 1.0软件对各种岩浆岩进行逐步判别分析、聚类分析和对应分析研究,据此认为超基性岩由MgO和FeO组成的因子确定,基性岩则由P2O5、Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO、MnO组成的因子确定,中性岩由Na2O和Al2O3组成的因子确定,酸性岩由K2O和SiO2组成的因子确定。岩浆岩的分类宜以SiO2为主、以MgO和CaO为辅,尤其要引入MgO。在SiO2含量相同的情况下,MgO、CaO含量越高,基性程度越强。基于这一分析结果,提出一种新的酸度指数（ADI)计算方法,即ADI=w(SiO2)-0.75w(MgO)-0.23w(CaO),ADI<38.0%为超基性岩,在38.0%～52.0%之间为基性岩,在52.0%～62.5%之间为中性岩,>62.5%为酸性岩。     

基于系统聚类分析的西部地区环境污染程度评价

随着社会经济的不断发展,环境污染问题在西部地区经济发展中越来越凸显出来,不同省区受到不同程度的影响.同时,不同地区的环境污染问题有一定的相似性.应用系统聚类分析方法,通过提炼选取11类指标,对西部地区12省区环境污染程度的距离相似情况进行了评价.结果表明:贵州、甘肃、广西、云南、重庆和陕西等省区的距离相似归为第一类聚类;内蒙古和四川归为第二类聚类;西藏、宁夏和青海等省区的距离相似属于第三类聚类;新疆归为第四类聚类.要处理好生态系统和社会经济发展之间的关系,需要对二者进行协调,并坚持走可持续发展的道路.