Variation of Indo-Pacific upper ocean heat content during 2001–2012 revealed by Argo

Understanding of the temporal variation of oceanic heat content(OHC) is of fundamental importance to the prediction of climate change and associated global meteorological phenomena. However, OHC characteristics in the Pacific and Indian oceans are not well understood. Based on in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles mainly from the Argo program, we estimated the upper layer(0–750 m) OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean(40°S–40°N, 30°E–80°W). Spatial and temporal variability of OHC and its likely physical mechanisms are also analyzed. Climatic distributions of upper-layer OHC in the Indian and Pacific oceans have a similar saddle pattern in the subtropics, and the highest OHC value was in the northern Arabian Sea. However, OHC variabilities in the two oceans were different. OHC in the Pacific has an east-west see-saw pattern, which does not appear in the Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, the largest change was around 10°S. The most interesting phenomenon is that, there was a long-term shift of OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during 2001–2012. Such variation coincided with modulation of subsurface temperature/salinity. During 2001–2007, there was subsurface cooling(freshening)nearly the entire upper 400 m layer in the western Pacific and warming(salting) in the eastern Pacific. During2008–2012, the thermocline deepened in the western Pacific but shoaled in the east. In the Indian Ocean, there was only cooling(upper 150 m only) and freshening(almost the entire upper 400 m) during 2001–2007. The thermocline deepened during 2008–2012 in the Indian Ocean. Such change appeared from the equator to off the equator and even to the subtropics(about 20°N/S) in the two oceans. This long-term change of subsurface temperature/salinity may have been caused by change of the wind field over the two oceans during 2001–2012, in turn modifying OHC.     

海南省海岸带典型区域海水入侵现状评价

基于海南省东部和南部海岸带地区地下水现场监测数据和室内水化学测定数据,研究了各水化学指标间的相关性,分析了区域海水入侵现状。研究结果表明地下水中Cl~–与Na~+的变异系数较高,与矿化度(TDS)具有强的相关性;以m(Cl~–)(m表示质量浓度)和TDS分别作为评价因子开展了海水入侵现状评价,结果表明研究区域内地下水未受到海水入侵的影响;m(Na~+)/m(Cl~–)、 m(Cl~–)/m(HCO_3~–)、m(Cl~–)/m(SO_4~(2–))、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Na~+)、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Mg~(2+))、钠吸附比(SAR)与m(Cl~–)的相关性分析结果表明m(Na~+)/m(Cl~–)、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Na~+)、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Mg~(2+))以及SAR4个参数可以作为海南省海水入侵判定的评价因子。研究结果对建设海南省"国际旅游岛"战略目标,指导当地合理利用地下水具有参考价值。     

南黄海夏季低氧、贫氧长期时空演变与机制

根据1977—2016年历年8月南黄海断面标准层调查资料,采用时空分析等方法,研究了南黄海断面8月份低氧、贫氧长期时空演变与机制。溶解氧(DO)含量与表观耗氧量(AOU)年际变化分别有4种主要时空模态,溶解氧含量第一模态与表观耗氧量第一、二模态是断面海域显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势的主要影响分量,溶解氧第二~四模态与表观耗氧量第三、四模态为准平衡态长期变化。南黄海夏季低氧、贫氧变化的主要机制是生物活性组分(BAC)耗氧过程增多和增强,低氧和贫氧准平衡态长期变化的主要机制是生物活性组分、饱和溶解氧与海流输送的增减氧效应处于准平衡态状态。黄海冷水团中平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量存在显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势。南黄海夏季表层海气氧通量强度显著线性减弱,并且呈现“氧源”、“氧汇”相间变化。黄海夏季风生环流、海气氧通量强度逐渐减弱为黄海夏季低氧、贫氧发展提供了物理条件。目前黄海溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量场季节循环时空分布已经发生显著改变。     

Grazing impact of mesozooplankton in an upwelling region off northern California, 2000–2003

Mesozooplankton (>200 μm) grazing impact (% phytoplankton standing crop consumed d⁻¹) was determined by the gut fluorescence method during three springs (2000, 2001 and 2002) and two winters (2002 and 2003) in a coastal upwelling region off northern California. Wind events, in terms of both magnitude and duration, varied inter-annually and seasonally and included both upwelling-favorable and relaxation events. Grazing impact of mesozooplankton also varied inter-annually and seasonally, and was highest during June 2000 (mean=129% of standing crop d⁻¹), a prolonged period of wind “relaxation” and phytoplankton bloom. In contrast, mean grazing impact was lower during periods of stronger, more persistent winds, more active upwelling, greater cross-shelf transport, and lower chlorophyll concentration (25% and 38% in May–June 2001 and 2002, respectively). Wintertime conditions (January 2002 and 2003) were characterized by weakly upwelling or downwelling-favorable winds, low chlorophyll concentration, and lower mean mesozooplankton grazing impact (13% and 12%, respectively). The larger (>500 μm) size class contributed proportionally more to total mesozooplankton (>200 μm) grazing impact than the smaller (200–500 μm) size class during all sampling periods except spring 2002. These results suggest that mesozooplankton grazing impact is higher in spring than in winter, and that during the spring upwelling season, grazing is higher during periods of wind relaxation (weak upwelling) than during periods of stronger upwelling. Further, these results suggest an important role of mesozooplankton grazers on phytoplankton dynamics in the upwelling region off northern California.     

Si含量对镍基合金氧化保护膜影响机制的研究

本文对镍基合金中Si在弱氧化环境下表面氧化成膜特性进行了研究。利用XRD、SEM、EDS等检测手段对试样进行了检测分析,结果发现:合金表面氧化膜的形成动力学对镍基合金的Si含量非常敏感。当合金元素Si的含量较高时,由于连续的非晶SiO2膜在表层氧化铬与奥氏体基体之间的富集阻碍了Cr离子的向外扩散,导致在奥氏体区之上形成了较薄的氧化铬膜;共晶组织区域由于不会形成连续的SiO2非晶膜,仍然可以作为Cr离子的快速扩散通道,使得在该组织区域形成大量的脊状氧化物。奥氏体组织之上的氧化膜厚度与基体的Si含量成反比。     

乳山湾外海溶氧低值区细菌多样性初步研究

采用化学裂解法从乳山湾外海溶氧低值区不同溶解氧质量浓度(3.7～7.0mg.L-1)的6个站位海水样品中提取了环境DNA样品。以试剂盒纯化后的DNA样品为模板扩增其16SrRNA基因V3区,通过变性梯度凝胶电泳、分子文库构建及DNA测序对溶氧低值区海水中的细菌群落结构进行研究。结果表明,乳山湾外海溶氧低值区不同溶解氧质量浓度的6个站位底层海水样品中的细菌群落结构是相似的,它们均由隶属于Alteromonas(交替单胞菌属)、Salegentibacter(需盐杆菌属)等10个属的18种细菌组成。系统发育分析发现这些细菌分别属于α变形菌纲(2种)、γ变形菌纲(12种)和黄杆菌纲(3种)三个大类。在乳山湾外海溶氧低值区的海水样品中细菌多样性最高的类群是γ变形菌纲。     

大布苏湖全新世沉积岩心的碳酸盐含量与湖面波动

大布苏湖是我国东北地区极为罕见的盐湖，通过对该湖现代湖盆碳酸盐沉积相的分析，以及钻孔岩心碳酸盐含量和^14C年代的测定,探讨了大布苏湖全新世湖面波动与环境演化的过程。结果表明，大布苏湖有两次高湖面时期，分别为10450－7260和5400－3600aBP，湖泊水位稳定在125m以上，这两个时期也是松嫩沙地古土壤集中发育的时期，晚全新世以来，大布苏湖明显萎缩，气候向干燥方向转化。     

基于组分反演的高光谱潮间带表层沉积物自动分类研究

利用星载高光谱遥感影像数据Hyperion并结合现场采样粒度分析资料,对潮间带表层沉积物类型的自动分类进行了研究.根据低潮位下沉积物的短波红外光谱反射率与沉积物组分(沙、粉砂、黏土)含量之间的强相关关系,选择2102nm为特征波段,建立了高光谱定量遥感反演模型,获取初步的逐像元沙、粉砂和黏土含量,然后采用线性均衡化处理方法对初步反演结果进行修正,并结合Shepard三角分类法建立对照表,自动确定出每一像元对应的沉积物类型,得到研究区潮间带表层沉积物的空间分布特征,总体分类验证精度为87.9%.研究结果表明,研究区分布着三种沉积物,分别为粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂,所占比例分别为18.9%,64.6%和16.5%,它们的空间分布趋势与研究区内的植被分布状况、水动力条件以及沉积物来源密切相关.     

角毛藻属(7株)总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的比较研究

在温度为25±1°C,盐度为28的条件下,用F/2培养基对七株角毛藻(Chaetocerosspp.)进行培养.在指数生长期末期进行收获.测定了七株角毛藻的总脂含量及脂肪酸组成.其主要脂肪酸为14:0(3.0-24.92),16:0(8.2-28.5%),16:1n-7(16.0-42.3%)和20:5n-3(4.2-10.42),其中B13的20:5n-3含量最高,占总脂肪酸的10.4%     

中国粉尘源区表土碳酸盐含量与碳氧同位素组成

在中国的主要沙漠和戈壁等粉尘源区采集了地表沙或土壤(统称为表土)样品,分析了样品的碳酸盐含量和碳酸盐的碳氧同位素组成。结果表明,中国粉尘源区表土碳酸盐含量在空间上随着年降水量的增加而逐渐减少,大致呈现自西向东逐渐降低的趋势;碳酸盐δ^13C值在空间上随着年降水量的增加而逐渐偏负．δ^18O值缺乏规律性;塔克拉玛干沙漠细颗粒物质中碳酸盐含量相对偏高,但不同粒级颗粒中碳酸盐的δ^13C值基本一致,表明风蚀时粒度的分选并不影响源区的同位素组成特征;由于粉尘源区表土碳酸盐含量和δ^13C值均具有区域特征,因此利用大气粉尘的碳酸盐含量和δ^13C值示踪不同的源区是可能的。