三维复杂域非结构化六面体网格全自动生成方法

使用自适应有限单元法在三维复杂域内求解水工及岩土工程问题,讨论了应用行波法在多介质三维复杂块体内六面体单元网格的自动生成过程。其特点是对不规则区域具有较强的适应性,并考虑了节理单元的自动生成。     

测定陶瓷片年龄的热释光技术研究

以湖南省长沙市文物出土的古陶瓷片的年龄测定为例,研究了热释光技术应用到该批陶瓷片的年龄测定的可行性。并针对该批样品的各种不同热释光特征,指明了相对应的热释光测年的不同技术方法。     

地震波测试技术在十三陵蓄能电站工程验收中的应用

介绍了地震波测试技术在钻孔中测试地层动弹模的原理、方法及效果,并计算出静弹模,为工程的质量评价和验收提供了依据。     

Numerical simulation of ground acceleration spectra and accelerograms for engineering application

A numerical approach to the earthquake ground motion analysis is proposed for regions where no accelerograms are available. Using Haskell matrix techniques, the response spectra of a layered substratum for SV waves were calculated and then multiplied by the spectra corresponding to Brune's type pulses. The ground acceleration spectra were obtained for different angles of pulse incidence at the substratum base. The spectrum shape depends upon the substratum response and the pulse shape, while its level was related to the maximum ground acceleration corresponding to the expected maximum intensity. Transformation of the ground spectra into the time domain produced numerical accelerograms for horizontal and vertical components and for different angles of pulse incidence. Finally, a standard statistical procedure was applied to obtain the design response spectra used in engineering applications.     

Shear and tension hydraulic fractures in low permeability rocks

Laboratory hydrofracture experiments were performed on triaxially stressed specimens of oil shale and low-permeability granite. The results show that either shear or tension fractures could develop depending on the level of differentials stress, even in specimens containing preexisting fractures. With 1 kb of confining pressure and differential stress greater than 2kb, hydraulic fluid diffusion into the specimens reduced the effective confining pressure until failure occurred by shear fracture. Below 2kb of differential stress, tension fractures occurred. These results suggest that hydraulic fracturing in regions of significant tectonic stress may produce shear rather than tension fractures. In this casein situ stress determinations based on presumed tension fractures would lead to erroneous results.     

Contrasting patterns of precipitation seasonality during the Holocene in the south‐ and north‐central Mediterranean

Pollen‐based quantitative estimates of seasonal precipitation from Lake Pergusa and lake‐level data from Lake Preola in Sicily (southern Italy) allow three successive periods to be distinguished within the Holocene: an early Holocene period before ca. 9800 cal a BP with rather dry climate conditions in winter and summer, a mid‐Holocene period between ca. 9800 and 4500 cal a BP with maximum winter and summer wetness, and a late Holocene period after 4500 cal a BP with declining winter and summer wetness. This evolution observed in the south‐central Mediterranean shows strong similarities to that recognized in the eastern Mediterranean. But, it contrasts with that reconstructed in north‐central Italy, where the mid‐Holocene appears to be characterized by a winter (summer) precipitation maximum (minimum), while the late Holocene coincided with a decrease (increase) in winter (summer) precipitation. Maximum precipitation at ca. 10 000–4500 cal a BP may have resulted from (i) increased local convection in response to a Holocene insolation maximum at 10 000 cal a BP and then (ii) the gradual weakening of the Hadley cell activity, which allowed the winter rainy westerlies to reach the Mediterranean area more frequently. After 4500 cal a BP, changes in precipitation seasonality may reflect non‐linear responses to orbitally driven insolation decrease in addition to seasonal and inter‐hemispheric changes of insolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干涉技术在天体测量中的应用

介绍了射电、光学和红外波段地面干涉的仪器以及近期的进展,如厘米波段的VLBA、EVLA、SKA等;毫米波段的ALMA、CARMA等;光学波段的Keck、VLTI/PRIMA,CHARA、MarkⅢ、NPOI、LBTI等.叙述了目前干涉技术在空间天体测量中应用的一些研究项目。如射电波段的VSOP、iARISE、RadioAstro;光学波段的HST/FGS、SIM PlanetQuest等.探讨了干涉技术在天体测量中的有关研究课题,并概述了其在我国的发展和应用情况.     

COSTAS环解调器设计及实践初探

本文详细介绍自行设计的COSTAS环解调器的工作原理,环路参数选择以及实际工作效果。     

空间钟与基础物理测试

原子钟当前已经发展到很高的水平,它们在空间科学试验中发挥了重要的作用．该文介绍了世界上正在开展的高精度空间钟计划及其对科学测量的意义．对应用空间钟可能进行的某些感兴趣的基础物理测试也进行了描述。     

多普勒雷达风场资料在临近预报中的应用

为了研究对流单体移动的运动学和动力学特征,本文综合应用多普勒雷达反射率因子资料和径向速度资料进行雷达回波的外推预报.采用速度方位显示方法(Velocity Azimuth Display,VAD)和交叉相关法(Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation,TREC),分别得到设定的8个高度的水平风场,并作为回波的引导风,对相应高度的等高平面位置显示(Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicating,CAPPI)反射率因子进行外推.通过两次降水过程分析比较两种方法的外推结果,表明用这两种方法获得的未来60 min内的回波位置与回波实况较吻合;二者在某些高度上预报的评分接近.从两个个例的外推试验发现,预报效果最好的高度层与实际天气过程有关,关键是与降水回波中水平风的垂直分布有关,而不仅仅限于2.5～3.0 km高度.