低周反复荷载下Q460钢材框架柱抗震性能分析

为了进一步完善Q460钢材在抗震设计规范中相关限值的要求,本文利用有限元软件ABAQUS,以轴压比、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比和壁板宽厚比为变量,建立了共48根“工”字型框架柱和“箱”型框架柱,分析了其抗震性能。结果表明:翼缘宽厚比对框架柱的能量耗散系数影响较小;能量耗散系数随轴压比、腹板高厚比（“工”字型）和壁板宽厚比（“箱”型）增大而明显减小;框架柱的极限承载力随轴压比的减小及壁板宽厚比和翼缘宽厚比的增大而逐渐增大,当腹板高厚比接近规范限值时,承载力下降趋势明显增大。与采用Q235钢材的框架柱相比,Q460钢材框架柱的延性较小,仅为2左右;当采用Q460钢材时,“工”字型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.03,“箱”型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.032。规范中对翼缘宽厚比限值的规定偏于保守,其值最大可取至9。无论是“工”字型框架柱还是“箱”型框架柱,其腹板高厚比均不宜过大。Q460钢材框架柱的刚度退化率随轴压比的增大而增强,且翼缘宽厚比越大,腹板高厚比越小,柱的初始刚度越大,刚度退化程度越明显。     

竖向地震动对滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构地震反应的影响

利用接触摩擦单元建立了滑动摩擦隔震桥梁支座在竖向地震动作用下的有限元模型,通过算例讨论了竖向地震动对不同支座摩擦系数和不同刚度(墩径)滑动摩擦隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,初步探讨了竖向地震动的激励方向对分析结果的影响,分析结果表明,竖向地震动对滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构的地震反应有较大的影响,在竖向地震动较为明显地区的滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构设计时,应予以考虑。     

东营凹陷下第三系深部碎屑岩储层次生孔隙垂向分布及成因分析

东营凹陷下第三系埋深大于 30 0 0 m的深部碎屑岩储层普遍发育 2～ 4个次生孔隙带 ,Φ=10 %～ 30 % ,K=0 .1× 10 - 3μm2～ 30× 10 - 3μm2 ,为中孔低渗低孔低渗油气储层。综合有机质热演化过程、成岩作用和构造断裂等分析 ,认为东营凹陷埋深大于 30 0 0m碎屑岩地层中 ,第一、二个次生孔隙带埋深在 30 0 0 m～ 390 0 m之间 ,其形成主要与有机质成熟过程释放有机酸对长石等颗粒的溶解有密切关系 ,在深大断裂附近储层同时受到大气淡水的影响 ,而深陷带包裹于暗色泥岩中的浊积砂岩的次生孔隙发育情况还与泥质岩异常压力带有关 ;第三个次生孔隙带埋深一般为 390 0 m～ 430 0 m,主要成因于粘土矿物转化造成的还原环境 ,同时受到硫酸盐热化学氧化还原反应的影响。这三个次生孔隙发育带对储集油气有效。第四个孔隙发育带埋深在 470 0 m以下 ,主要是构造成因的微裂缝 ,较难成为有效的油气储层。     

高产水稻理想株型的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联分析方法 ,分析了 6个水稻品种 2 1个株型性状对单株产量的影响。结果表明 :单株产量与 2 1个株型性状的关联序依次为 :剑叶厚 >倒二叶厚 >剑叶宽 >倒二叶宽 >倒二叶鞘长 >剑叶鞘长 >倒二叶弦长 >倒三叶宽 >倒三叶厚 >倒三叶鞘长 >剑叶长 >倒二叶长 >倒三叶长 >剑叶弦长 >倒三叶弦长 >倒三叶基夹角 >倒三叶叶开角 >剑叶叶开角 >剑叶基夹角 >倒二叶基夹角 >倒二叶叶开角。     

应用土壤水模拟模型研究区域干旱

旨在应用平原地区土壤水模拟模型，给出区域旱精分析所需的干旱信息。以多年平均土壤含水量为判断旱情发生的临界函数，经过统计分析后，提出了一种适用于平原地区分析 区域旱情严重程度的实用方法和拟定评价旱情的定量标准。     

Inverse Analysis of Deep Excavation Using Differential Evolution Algorithm

This paper presents the applications of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in back analysis of soil parameters for deep excavation problems. A computer code, named Python‐based DE, is developed and incorporated into the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, with a parallel computing technique to run an FE analysis for all trail vectors of one generation in DE in multiple cores of a cluster, which dramatically reduces the computational time. A synthetic case and a well‐instrumented real case, that is, the Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) project, are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed back‐analysis procedure. Results show that multiple soil parameters are well identified by back analysis using a DE optimization algorithm for highly nonlinear problems. For the synthetic excavation case, the back‐analyzed parameters are basically identical to the input parameters that are used to generate synthetic response of wall deflection. For the TNEC case with a total of nine parameters to be back analyzed, the relative errors of wall deflection for the last three stages are 2.2, 1.1, and 1.0%, respectively. Robustness of the back‐estimated parameters is further illustrated by a forward prediction. The wall deflection in the subsequent stages can be satisfactorily predicted using the back‐analyzed soil parameters at early stages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微型堆仪器中子活化分析测定水系沉积物中多个元素

本实验以微型核反应堆为中子源用仪器中子活化分析对水系沉积物中的30个元素常规测定进行了研究。样品在长照射后从第四天开始直到第八天进行每天一次的跟踪测试。研究了有关元素的最佳冷却时间,从而得到了最佳探测限。以GSD-11和GSD-8为标准监控样品,对实验结果的精密度和近似检测限进行了计算。长照测试元素La、Sc、As、Sb、Na、W、Gd和Sm的相对标准偏差小于5％,Th、U、Yb、Ta、Rb、K、Fe小于10％,Ho、Ce、Ga、Lu、Br小于15％,Eu、Cs小于20％。短照测试元素为Mg、Al、Mn、     

Open source, spatial analysis, and activity-travel behaviour research: capabilities of the aspace package

This paper reports on recent experience with the development of aspace, an Open Source (OS) library for the geographic visualization and analysis of activity-travel behaviour. The paper begins with an overview of recent progress with respect to the convergence of Open Source technology, spatial analysis, and travel behaviour research. The remainder of the paper focuses on aspace; a collection of functions that, when combined with data describing the geographical location of daily activities, can be used to visualize and describe spatial properties of individual and household activity spaces. These properties include: size, orientation, shape, and the geographical dispersion of activity locations contained within the activity space. Several planar geometries are used to transform measurable spatial properties into intuitive objects for visualizing spatial patterns of activity participation. Experiments are conducted, using data from the first wave of the 2003 Toronto Travel Activity Panel Survey, to demonstrate the potential application of aspace for basic and applied policy-based research into activity-travel behaviour. The toolkit is distributed as a downloadable ‘package’ from the Open Source R Project for Statistical Computing.      

ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF TEMPERATURE ON FOUR URBAN UNDERLYING SURFACES AND FITTING ANALYSIS

Based on the observed 2-year temperature data for four kinds of typical urban underlying surfaces, including asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land, the annual variations and influencing factors of land surface temperature are analyzed. Then fitting equations for surface temperature are established. It is shown that the annual variation of daily average, maximum and minimum temperature and daily temperature range on the four urban underlying surfaces is consistent with the change in air temperature. The difference of temperature on different underlying surfaces in the summer half year (May to October) is much more evident than that in the winter half year (December to the following April). The daily average and maximum temperatures of asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land are higher than air temperature due to the atmospheric heating in the daytime, with that of asphalt being the highest, followed in turn by cement, bare land and grass land. Moreover, the daily average, maximum and minimum temperature on the four urban underlying surfaces are strongly impacted by total cloud amount, daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours. The land surface can be cooled (warmed) by increased total cloud amount (relative humidity). The changes in temperature on bare land and grass land are influenced by both the total cloud amount and the daily average relative humidity. The temperature parameters of the four land surfaces are significantly correlated with daily average, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, daily average relative humidity and total cloud amount, respectively. The analysis also indicates that the range of fitting parameter of a linear regression equation between the surface temperature of the four kinds of typical land surface and the air temperature is from 0.809 to 0.971, passing the F-test with a confidence level of 0.99.