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推进“两个体系”建设 提升气象灾害防御能力

在贯彻落实中国气象局、自治区人民政府关于＂两个体系＂要求的前提下,通过对苍梧县在贯彻落实中国气象局、自治区人民政府关于＂两个体系＂要求精神,建立健全＂两个体系＂工作的思路和做法进行分析,得出完善预防为主的气象灾害防御机制,强化农业气象服务体系建设是促进气象科技的发展,提升气象灾害防御能力的重要工作。     

Putting the seafood in sustainable food systems

Increasing attention by consumers to the social and environmental dimensions of the food they eat has generated many different responses, including certification programs, watch lists and local/slow food movements. This article examines the more recent entry of seafood into these consumer social movements. Although a concern with the family farm—as well as tendency to equate national security with food security—has long connected terrestrial food production with other cultural concerns, fisheries have tended to be regarded more as natural resources. Considering seafood as part of the “food system” would enhance the management of fisheries, while the long engagement in fisheries with co- and adaptive management and the politics of knowledge would enrich the debate in the agri-foods literature. The article also offers suggestions on how fisheries management could better govern for sustainable food systems, and provides further ideas about food, sustainability and governance.     

公交车辆全线运行状态的监督站牌及查询系统

针对出行者对公交车辆运行信息的需求,基于GPS技术设计了一个动态显示公交车辆位置信息的监督站牌系统,并提供公交位置信息的网络查询服务,方便出行者了解公交车辆的实时运营信息,以及对公交车辆的实时监督.系统以LabVIEW为软件开发平台对数据进行分析与处理,利用ASP.NET进行Web网页开发并与数据库交互,实现公交系统的智能运营和智能服务.通过实际验证,该方案具有可行性、实用性.     

福建西部山区短时暴雨雷达回波特征及中小尺度系统分析

利用常规天气资料、探空、地面降水资料以及建阳、龙岩两部新一代天气雷达资料对2005-2009年福建西部山区短时暴雨的雷达回波特征及对应的中小尺度系统进行分析,分析表明:短时暴雨的雷达回波按降水类型可分为大陆强对流型降水和热带海洋型强降水,并统计了大陆强对流型降水和热带海洋型降水低层反射率因子与雨强对应关系;按降水影响时间可以分为以局地发展为主的停滞型回波和不断影响某一地区的移动型列车效应回波;利用雷达回波演变及基本径向速度资料,结合天气系统,提取三类产生短时暴雨对应的中小尺度系统:与低空切变(或低压槽)、西南急流配合的中小尺度切变线或辐合线,以切变南压为主的中小尺度切变线或辐合线和以局地对流发展为主的逆风区或中气旋。     

基于AnGeo的城市三维导航系统设计与实现

随着地理信息系统在三维数字城市建设的广泛应用,更加逼真且信息更丰富的三维立体导航逐渐在导航领域占据主导地位。以A nGeo三维地理信息系统软件为基础,研究了三维导航系统的设计与实现,该系统不仅可以提供基本的信息查询功能,还能完成三维互动式浏览、三维地图导航以及最佳路径选择的功能。     

2010年6月中国南方持续性强降水过程：天气系统演变和青藏高原热力作用的影响

2010年6月中国南方发生持续性强降水,其强度与2008年6月相当,超过近年来其他年份。但是,与2008年6月相比,2010年6月对流层中低层低值系统活动在青藏高原至长江中下游地区异常频繁,副热带高压(副高)位置异常偏西、强度偏强,导致低层异常风场辐合区及强降水区域相对偏北。分析2010年6月14—24日中国南方连续出现的4次持续性强降水过程,发现南亚高压、对流层中层的中纬度槽脊和西太平洋副高以及低层切变线和东移低涡是造成持续性强降水的主要天气系统。利用WRF模式对2010年6月强降水过程实施显式对流集合模拟试验,在控制试验重现观测到的地面降水和天气系统特征的基础上,在敏感性试验中将青藏高原的地表短波反照率修改为1.0,对比两组模拟试验的结果表明:控制试验中青藏高原的地表感热加热作用使得高原及其周边地区的大气温度发生变化,相应的热成风平衡调整使得对流层低层至高层大气环流和天气系统特征发生显著变化,增强了中国南方的持续性降水。200 hPa青藏高原西部形成反气旋性环流异常,东部形成气旋性环流异常,青藏高原东部南下的冷空气加强,中国南方辐散增强;500 hPa青藏高原北部的脊加强,中国东部的槽加深,副高西北侧的西南风明显增强,从青藏高原向下游传播的正涡度也显著加强;850 hPa的低涡强烈发展并逐步东移,华南沿海的西南低空急流更为强盛,导致降水区的水汽辐合、上升运动及降水强度都增强。     

Safe and just operating spaces for regional social-ecological systems

Humanity faces a major global challenge in achieving wellbeing for all, while simultaneously ensuring that the biophysical processes and ecosystem services that underpin wellbeing are exploited within scientifically informed boundaries of sustainability. We propose a framework for defining the safe and just operating space for humanity that integrates social wellbeing into the original planetary boundaries concept (Rockström et al., 2009a,b) for application at regional scales. We argue that such a framework can: (1) increase the policy impact of the boundaries concept as most governance takes place at the regional rather than planetary scale; (2) contribute to the understanding and dissemination of complexity thinking throughout governance and policy-making; (3) act as a powerful metaphor and communication tool for regional equity and sustainability. We demonstrate the approach in two rural Chinese localities where we define the safe and just operating space that lies between an environmental ceiling and a social foundation from analysis of time series drawn from monitored and palaeoecological data, and from social survey statistics respectively. Agricultural intensification has led to poverty reduction, though not eradicated it, but at the expense of environmental degradation. Currently, the environmental ceiling is exceeded for degraded water quality at both localities even though the least well-met social standards are for available piped water and sanitation. The conjunction of these social needs and environmental constraints around the issue of water access and quality illustrates the broader value of the safe and just operating space approach for sustainable development.     

Two steps forward,two steps back: The role of innovation in transforming towards community-based marine resource management in Solomon Islands

In many coastal nations, community-based arrangements for marine resource management (CBRM) are promoted by government, advocated for by non-government actors, and are seen by both as one of the most promising options to achieve sustainable use and secure inshore fisheries and aquatic resources. Although there is an abundant literature on what makes CBRM effective, is it less clear how CBRM is introduced or develops as an idea in a community, and the process of how the idea leads to the adoption of a new resource management approach with supporting institutions. Here we aim to address this gap by applying an explicit process-based approach drawing on innovation history methodology by mapping and analysing the initiation and emergence of CBRM in five fishing-dependent communities in Solomon Islands. We use insights from the literatures on diffusion of innovation and transformability to define phases of the process and help guide the inductive analysis of qualitative data. We show the CBRM institutionalisation processes were non-linear, required specific strategies to move from one phase to the next, and key elements facilitated or hindered movement. Building active support for CBRM within communities depended on the types of events that happened at the beginning of the process and actions taken to sustain this. Matching CBRM to known resource management ideas or other social problems in the community, developing legitimate institutions and decision-making processes, strong continual interactions between key actors and the rest of the community (not necessarily NGO actors), and community members witnessing benefits of CBRM, all contributed to the emergence and diffusion of CBRM in the communities, and helped to overcome barriers to transformative change.     

姬塬地区长8油层组层序地层格架内成岩相展布特征

通过岩心观察并充分利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、X-衍射和扫描电镜等资料,对姬塬地区长8油层组储层的成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩阶段和成岩演化序列特征等进行了研究。根据成岩作用类型及强度、成岩矿物等将储层划分为绿泥石衬边弱溶蚀、不稳定组分溶蚀、压实致密、高岭石充填和碳酸盐胶结5种成岩相。并通过岩心薄片资料刻度测井归纳出不同成岩相在GR、AC等测井曲线及其组合上的响应特征,由此实现各单井储层成岩相的连续划分。对长8油层组层序界面和基准面旋回与成岩相展布的关系进行了研究,结果表明层序界面附近不稳定组分溶蚀相及高岭石充填相较为发育,且各井之间对比性良好,同时层序界面也控制了碳酸盐胶结;中期基准面旋回的最大湖泛面处均发育井间可对比的压实致密相,长82中期基准面下降半旋回砂体一方面易于遭受溶蚀产生次生孔,另一方面由于受沉积驻留和碎屑组分影响导致压实强度较弱,因此物性总体比长81砂体好。