苏北大陆科学钻探靶区重磁异常反演解释

对江苏东海县毛北地区重、磁观测异常进行了处理和特征分析,并根据科学钻探主要目标体榴辉岩与其围岩有达0.9×103kg/m3的明显密度差,进行了等效密度反演成像与综合地震约束反演计算.给出了该地区重力异常模型,可作为综合地质与地球物理研究的一个基础.     

武汉绕城公路东北段主要工程地质问题研究

为了给项目的设计和施工提供科学依据，对武汉绕城公路东北段软土、膨胀土、砂土地震液化、岩溶、深路堑、高填路基、筑路材料等潜在的地质灾害进行了详细评价，通过采用工程地质测绘及钻探、触探、物探、试验分析等多种勘探、测试手段，对沿线的各种工程地及其危害表现形式进行计算分析，预测施工过程及工程建成后可能出现的岩土工程问题，提出了相应的施工方法，对同类工程的建设具有指导意义。     

深部天然核反应堆——一种可能的山脉隆升动力源

板块碰撞造山模式难以解释造山作用在时间上的“滞后”和在空间上的“差位”现象，大量研究表明山脉隆升的动力来自深部，因此，探索深部地质过程的物理和化学机制及其导致的能量再分配是认识山脉隆升动力学机制的关键，若干线索表明地幔中的核反应中可能在岩石圈动力学演化过程中起过不可忽视的作用，通过分析U，Th等元素的地球化学性质及其在深变质过程中的行为，认为伴随板块俯冲发生的陆壳物质向地幔的再循环有可能在办流圈顶部形成富含U，Th,K等放射性亲石元素和碳质（石墨）的地质体，通过理论上的论证和对Oklo天然核反应堆遗迹的反演表明这些地质体可能有一部分具备了形成石墨核反应堆的条件。这种反应堆在亚临界状态下的断续运行有可能为其上方岩石圈中的岩浆作用提供热源，进入超临界状态时将可能导致深部核爆炸，成为地震，火山爆发和岩石圈破裂的动力来源，据此建立的山脉隆升的动力学初步模式，可以解释造山带的形成，高原的隆升，深源地震及其前兆的成因和金刚石及其相关岩石地壳浅部置位的机制。     

Overview of US Minerals Management Service Activities in Deepwater Research

The US Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for safe and environmentally sound management of offshore oil and gas resources. In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in both activities and plans for deepwater development of these resources in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). As the industry meets the enormous technical challenges involved, there is a concomitant effort to assure environmental protection of deep-ocean and coastal resources. This paper will outline the research planning and program currently underway to assess impacts, identify potential problems, and discover more about unknown resources of the deep ocean.     

Three-dimensional Q structure in Jiashi earthquake region of Xinjiang

3-D S-waveQ structure in Jiashi earthquake region is inverted based on the attenuation of seismic waves recorded from earthquakes in this region in 1998 by the Research Center of Exploration Geophysics (RCEG), CSB, and a rough configuration of deep crustal faults in the earthquake region is presented. First, amplitude spectra of S-waves are extracted from 450 carefully-chosen earthquake records, called observed amplitude spectra. Then, after instrumental and site effect correction, theoretical amplitude spectra are made to fit observed amplitude spectra with nonlinear damped least-squares method to get the observed travel time overQ, provided that earthquake sources conform to Brune’s disk dislocation model. Finally, by 3-D ray tracing method, theoretical travel time overQ is made to fit observed travel time overQ with nonlinear damped least-squares method. In the course of fitting, the velocity model, which is obtained by 3-D travel time tomography, remains unchanged, while onlyQ model is modified. When fitting came to the given accuracy, the ultimateQ model is obtained. The result shows that an NE-trending lowQ zone exists at the depths of 10–18 km, and an NW-trending lowQ zone exists at the depths of 12–18 km. These roughly coincide with the NE-trending and the NW-trending low velocity zones revealed by other scientists. The difference is that the lowQ zones have a wider range than the low velocity zones. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (957-07-414) and State Key Basic Research Development and Programming Project (95-13-02-02). Contribution No. RCEG200105, Research Center of Exploration Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

东营凹陷下第三系深部碎屑岩储层次生孔隙垂向分布及成因分析

东营凹陷下第三系埋深大于 30 0 0 m的深部碎屑岩储层普遍发育 2～ 4个次生孔隙带 ,Φ=10 %～ 30 % ,K=0 .1× 10 - 3μm2～ 30× 10 - 3μm2 ,为中孔低渗低孔低渗油气储层。综合有机质热演化过程、成岩作用和构造断裂等分析 ,认为东营凹陷埋深大于 30 0 0m碎屑岩地层中 ,第一、二个次生孔隙带埋深在 30 0 0 m～ 390 0 m之间 ,其形成主要与有机质成熟过程释放有机酸对长石等颗粒的溶解有密切关系 ,在深大断裂附近储层同时受到大气淡水的影响 ,而深陷带包裹于暗色泥岩中的浊积砂岩的次生孔隙发育情况还与泥质岩异常压力带有关 ;第三个次生孔隙带埋深一般为 390 0 m～ 430 0 m,主要成因于粘土矿物转化造成的还原环境 ,同时受到硫酸盐热化学氧化还原反应的影响。这三个次生孔隙发育带对储集油气有效。第四个孔隙发育带埋深在 470 0 m以下 ,主要是构造成因的微裂缝 ,较难成为有效的油气储层。     

贵州紫云晒瓦晚二叠世深水相地层

通过对晒瓦晚二叠世岩石地层和生物地层的初步研究 ,认为晒瓦晚二叠世地层属于深水相沉积 ,可划分成4段 ;并根据双壳类、腕足类延限和发育特征 ,分别建立了一个双壳类化石带 (Claraia primitiva- H unanopecten exi-lis组合带 )和二个腕足类化石带 (N eochonetes substrophomenoides- Orthothetina ruber组合带 ,Acosarina dorsisulca-ta- Crurithyris speciosa组合带 ) ;在对牙形石、双壳类和腕足类等典型化石的综合研究基础上 ,首次划分出吴家坪阶和长兴阶 ,改变了以往本区晚二叠世年代地层未细分的状况 ,提高了划分对比精度。     

评定渗流管涌公式

根据工程实际问题，推导了在江河堤围、深基坑开挖和矿山法地铁开挖三种情况下的评定渗流管涌公式，并指出应根据不同情况选用不同的评定渗流管涌公式，及使用中必须考虑的问题。     

The “peeling” method to process apparent resistivity data for earthquake precursory monitoring

Considering the fact that there is only one pair of fixed potential poles in one direction used to monitor the resistivity changes under the observatory station which may indicate process of earthquake preparation, based on the precondition that the resistivity structure is 1-dimensional under the observatory station, and by way of equivalent model put forward by the authors, this paper suggests a kind of method trying to separate the resistivity changes in deep layers from that of the shallow layer. Analysis shows that, to obtain the same measured data with the same array, any a multi-layered geo-electrical structure can be equivalently taken as a two-layered one, we call it equivalent model. In this paper, the resistivity and thickness of the upper layer of the equivalent model are equal to that of the first layer of the original one, the resistivity of the lower layer of the equivalent model is obtained with calculation according to the requirement of equivalence, its value is relevant with the resistivities and thicknesses of all layer of the original model except for the first one, so the resistivity change of the equivalent layer can indicate the synthetic effect of variation of all layers of the original model except for the first one. The primary research results show that this method can work well. Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (100146).