基于GPS矢量观测信息的姿态确定算法

用于GPS姿态确定的矢量化算法可等价于两级最优问题。第一级把GPS载波相位观测量转换为矢量观测量。第二级是Wahba问题,即从矢量观测量获得最佳姿态解。Wahba问题可用四元数法求解,如QUEST方法。本文采用基于小角度的迭代法求解Wahba问题。在均衡星座或均衡基线务件下,两级最优解亦是全局最优解。实验结果表明迭代解的精度与QUEST解相同。实验中也应用了改进的TRIAD算法以比较两级最优解。     

地月DRO星载光学测量近地小行星轨道确定

针对地基光学监测系统对近地小行星在近太阳方向的监测存在盲区的问题,提出了远距离逆行轨道(Distant Retrograde Orbit,DRO)天基光学平台对近地小行星进行跟踪定轨的方法.通过可视性分析,筛选仿真观测数据,利用美国宇航局喷气推进实验室(Jet Propulsion Laboratory,JPL)公布的小行星初始轨道信息对不同轨道类型的目标天体进行轨道确定,将计算结果与参考轨道对比分析.仿真结果表明:在测量精度2角秒,定轨弧长3年的情况下,DRO平台对仿真算例中所选择的近地小行星的定轨精度可以达到几十公里量级,其中Atira型轨道精度可达10公里以内.由此可见,DRO天基平台对近地小行星具有较好的监测能力,定轨精度能实现对目标小行星的精确跟踪,并对其进行轨道预报.     

加速器质谱法测定深海锰结核样品中的^10Be

本文研究深海锰结核中＾１０Ｂｅ的加速器质谱法分析。提出了ＮａＯＨ和ＥＤＴＡ分离纯化－ＢｅＯ制样－加速器质谱法测量＾１０ＢｅＯ制样－加速器质谱法测量＾１０Ｂｅ的分析程序。研究结果表明,该法回收率较高,分离效果较好,按该法制备的ｅＯ靶能较好地满足加速器质谱法对测量＾１０Ｂｅ的要求。利用该法测得北太平洋两个锰结核的生长速率分别为２．７ｍｍ／Ｍａ和１．５ｍｍ／Ｍａ。这些结果与其他研究者所测数据相比,非常一     

一种用于现场测定的池塘底泥呼吸器

介绍一种新研制的在池塘中使用,可用以进行现场测定的底泥呼吸器。该呼吸器用镀锌薄铁制成,由呼吸室、导水管、手柄等部分组成。呼吸室容水量为２５Ｌ,底面积为０．１５ｍ２。测定时将该呼吸器设置池底,通过导水管换入底层水,同时在近水底处设置盛满底层水的密封水样瓶;培养一定时间后,测定呼吸室及水样瓶的溶氧量,即可据以算出底泥呼吸率。这种设计结构简单、操作简便、造价低廉,经测试和正式使用效果良好。     

西藏改则地震升降轨同震形变场特征分析与破裂模式

通过升降轨ASAR数据的获取与差分干涉处理,获取了西藏改则地震的双视线向同震形变场信息。对升降轨同震形变场的特征分析表明,改则地震主、余震均表现为典型的正断裂破裂模式,并先后形成了东、西两条规模不同的走向NE、倾向NW的正断层破裂带(可能未出露地表),以及西北盘的东、西两个沉降形变中心。从干涉条纹的切割关系判断,东沉降形变中心可能受2008年1月9日Ms 6.9级主震的控制,西沉降形变中心可能受2008年1月16日Ms 6.0级余震的控制。Ms 6.9级主震形成东南盘隆升与西北盘沉降的总体格局;Ms 6.0级余震使西北盘余震震中及以西部位进一步沉降,造成西沉降中心沉降形变量大于东沉降中心。升降轨同震形变场的获取为进一步的震源参数模拟与三维形变场解算提供了更好的约束条件与信息。     

基于X射线脉冲星的航天器动力学定轨

系统研究了利用X射线脉冲星观测量进行动力学定轨的全过程,给出了观测数据仿真的基本流程,并利用仿真数据对各项因素对定轨精度的影响进行了量化分析。     

Asteroid identification over apparitions

We present a new method for the linking of scarce asteroid astrometry over apparitions, and apply it both to simulated and real data to prove its feasibility. Up to date, there has not been a robust method available to search for linkages between the approximately 50,000 provisionally designated sets of asteroid astrometry spanning less than two days. Unless such a scarce set of astrometry is linked to another set of astrometry, the underlying object can be considered lost as the ephemeris uncertainties are substantial. The new method, which can tackle the challenges, is based on Ranging, which is a fully nonlinear, statistical orbital inversion method. Ranging properly treats astrometric uncertainties and propagates the uncertainty to the resulting orbital-element probability density, which is sampled by a set of orbits. The new orbital-element-space multiple-address-comparison (oMAC) method uses dimensionality-reduction techniques and tree structures to efficiently search for overlapping probability densities in the orbital-element phase space. Overlapping probability densities indicate a candidate linkage between astrometric observation sets. To accept a candidate linkage, we have to find a many-body orbital solution which reproduces the observed positions within the observational uncertainties. To find the linking orbit, we use a multi-step approach starting from a Monte-Carlo generation of possible orbits in a reduced volume of the orbital-element phase space and ending with a least-squares orbital solution, which, in addition to the Sun's gravitation, also takes into account the gravitational influence of the relevant planets. The new multiple-address-comparison method has a loglinear computational complexity, that is, it scales as O(nlogn), where n is the number of included observation sets. It has recently also been implemented for the ephemeris-space multiple-address-comparison (eMAC) method, which is optimized for the short-term linking of scarce astrometry.     

月球卫星最优小推力变轨研究

对利用小推力发动机将月球探器从双曲线轨道转移到圆轨的燃料最省转移问题,进行了研究,首先,将问题分解为双曲线到椭圆的转移和从椭圆到目标圆轨道的转移两步,然后,分别利用遗传算法解决了冲量假设下的最估转移、小推力加速民政部下从双曲线到椭圆的转移轨道优化,以及转移时间有约束情况下的从椭圆到圆轨道的转移轨道优化问题。     

A strategy for the determination of the dielectric permittivity of a lossy soil exploiting GPR surface measurements and a cooperative target

In this paper we deal with an indirect measure of the dielectric permittivity of the soil starting from GPR surface data collected on a buried “cooperative” target, meant as an object buried on purpose and whose extent is known a-priori. This target is exploited in order to achieve, from its image obtained from a suitable GPR data processing, an indirect measure of the dielectric permittivity of the embedding soil. GPR data processing is based on a linear microwave tomographic approach funded on the Born Approximation. Using this Born approach on two-dimensional inversion tests, we investigate the effect of the soil's electrical conductivity and permittivity on this indirect measure and demonstrate that the electrical field scattered by a spot-like buried object permits an accurate estimation of the soil permittivity even when no information of the soil conductivity is available.