地下水开采—地面沉降模型研究

本文建立三维流支－－一维非线性固结地面沉降模型,在混合井流,降雨滞后补给,初始水头形成,人为边界刻画,水流－固结耦合及软土层固结滞后于地下水开采层水头变化等方面有所改进,所建模型用于苏州市,模拟出若干地面沉降重要特征,地面沉降中心偏离地下水漏斗中心,地面沉降动态滞后于地下水的水头动态,软土层渗透系数随固结过程的变化及头在软土层中的传递特征。     

Sub-Alfvénic flows in the quiet and recurrent solar winds

Observed instances are given in this paper to show that sub-Alfvénic flow can be formed in the quiet and recurrent low-speed solar wind streams. This kind of flow appears in regions with abnormal enhancement of Alfvénic speed and is associated with a specific type of magnetic configuration.     

VSOP/global VLBI observations of 2021+614: Detection of hotspot advance

We have analysed VSOP and global VLBI data at 5 GHz and VLBA + Effelsberg data at 15 GHz for 2021+614. By identifying the core as being between two bright hotspots, we show that 2021+614 is a compact symmetric object of size 40 pc. From comparison with earlier observations we deduce an apparent age of 375 yr for 2021+614. This provides additional support for the contention that compact symmetric radio objects associated with galaxies are in fact young radio sources and the possible precursors of the classical FR I or FR II radio galaxies.     

明渠非恒定流流速分布及推移质运动研究进展

明渠非恒定流流速分布及非恒定流作用下推移质运动分别是水力学和泥沙运动力学研究中的重要问题之一。近几十年来,国内外许多学者在这些领域做过很多探索,取得了一定进展,也存在较多问题。在总结相关研究成果的基础上,简述了明渠非恒定流试验方法、流速分布、床面切应力、非恒定流输沙与水流运动不同步现象、产生原因、以及非恒定流推移质输沙公式等方面的成果,指出了现有研究中存在的不足,提出了需要进一步研究的关键问题:应用先进的量测仪器,研究非恒定流作用下非均匀沙运动输移规律。     

青藏高原东南缘热流估算及与地震活动相关性分析

青藏高原东南缘地区内部构造运动强烈,是地热资源发育与地震事件频发的活动地区.大地热流记录了发生在地球深部各种作用过程的热学信息,可以作为地质构造活动和地震活动研究的有效约束,但是大范围的热流数据测量很难实现,因此,本文根据居里面深度结合放射性元素分布等计算了青藏高原东南缘的大地热流分布.首先,通过地表放射性元素的分布计算出地表产热量的分布,然后,利用相关地热参数之间的关系迭代计算出该地区地壳上下层的热导率分布,最终估算出地表热流及地下不同深度处热流值的分布.本文结果表明：（1）青藏高原东南缘的大地热流位于44~108 mW·m^-2之间,平均75 mW·m^-2,符合研究地区西南高、东北低的背景趋势,地壳内部热流值随深度的增加而降低.大部分地区地表热流异常与实际地热带分布相吻合,如川西、藏东南与滇西地区等地为地热高值区,川东和楚雄等地为热流低值区.（2）结合其他地球物理探测结果,总结了地壳内部热流与地震事件的联系：在地热梯度带地区,当两侧地层在一定深度范围内存在明显物性差异时,地震事件高发.

     

云南维西哈达沟中频泥石流特征及堵溃危险性分析

中频泥石流具有较大危险性和暴发周期较长的特点,人类活动会诱发其发生并加剧其成灾严重程度,当沟道不能满足泄流输水能力时将发生堵溃,危及两岸甚至是主河河道安全。由于目前中频泥石流危险性分析的缺乏,因此以云南省哈达沟中频泥石流为例,探讨其特征和再次发生泥石流及导致沟道堵溃的危险性,并提出防治建议。结果显示：泥石流重度1.62 t/m3,泥石流沟口流速4.794 m/s,基于暴发频率10%情况下的沟口峰值流量为54.43 m3/s以及一次冲出总量为11072.03 m3;在下游沟道处修建有涵洞,其过流量为16.5 m3/s,小于20 a一遇泥石流流量,一旦发生大型泥石流,则有堵溃危险。研究发现哈达沟中频泥石流危险度为高度危险,堵溃历史判断其再次发生沟道堵溃并有泥石流堵塞腊普河的可能性。     

Estimation of irrigation return flow on monthly time resolution using SWAT model under limited data availability

ABSTRACT

This study is an assessment of the return flow ratio of an irrigation abstraction using the flow records of a downstream stream-gauging station, with the example of the Kozluk scheme irrigated by diverted water from Garzan Creek flowing through the southeastern region of Turkey. In the planning reports of the major dam projects of the region, an unverified return ratio was assumed in eliminating the influence of this irrigation on the flow measurements of Garzan Creek. The correctness of this assumed return ratio is evaluated by analysing the monthly streamflow measurements of the Besiri station through a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model constructed with the coarse-scale topography, land use and soil data from open source databases. The results show the necessity of irrigation project-based return flow analyses using regional fine-scale datasets, instead of rule-of-thumb assumptions, to determine the effects of irrigation activities on flow regimes more accurately.     

青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学

青藏高原现今构造变形的定量化研究是理解其动力过程的基础 ,近年来高速发展的GPS(全球定位系统 )技术为测量大尺度现今构造变形提供了最有效的手段。我们利用青藏高原及周边的5 5 3个GPS观测数据给出了其现今构造变形的速度场 ,表明印度和欧亚板块之间的相对运动主要被青藏高原周边的地壳缩短和内部的走滑剪切所调整吸收。其中 ,喜马拉雅山系吸收了青藏高原总缩短量的 4 4%～ 5 3% ,北部的阿尔金山、祁连山和柴达木盆地吸收了 1 5 %～ 1 7% ,高原内部吸收了 32 %～4 1 %。青藏高原的“向东挤出”实际上是地壳物质的向东流动而不是刚性地块的挤出。这一地壳物质流动带在高原西部以地表张性正断层和共轭剪切走滑断层为特征 ,到高原中东部转换为巨型的弧形走滑断裂带 ,再到高原东北缘转换为地壳缩短和绕东喜马拉雅构造结的顺时针旋转。青藏高原的大尺度现今构造变形以连续变形为特     

A new look at the isotropy of narrow-line emission in extragalactic radio sources

We undertake a quantitative investigation, using Monte Carlo simulations, of the amount by which quasars are expected to exceed radio galaxies in optical luminosity in the context of the 'receding torus' model. We compare these simulations with the known behaviour of the [O  III ] λ5007 and [O  II ] λ3727 emission lines and conclude that [O  III ] is the better indicator of the strength of the underlying non-stellar continuum.