珠江口盆地荔湾井区珠江组深水扇沉积特征

珠江口盆地白云凹陷荔湾深水区为油气勘探有利区域,通过岩石学和古生物组合特征研究,认为该区珠江组下部属于典型的深水扇沉积,可划分为早期盆地扇和晚期斜坡扇两种类型,两类深水扇都以发育颗粒流、砂质碎屑流及低密度浊流等顺坡重力流沉积为主,同时夹有少量内波和等深流等深水牵引流改造沉积。砂质碎屑流为两类深水扇水道砂体的主要沉积类型,发育有逆-正粒序层理、平行层理和水平层理,粒序层内可见各种丰富的液化变形和生物逃逸构造,而水平层内发育有更多的生物钻孔和扰动现象。两类深水扇的沉积构造和古生物特征有明显差异,其中盆地扇水道砂岩中普遍含硅质小砾石,水道间泥岩中含有较多保存完好的抱球虫化石,斜坡扇水道砂岩以富含炭泥屑为典型特征,水道间泥岩含有更丰富的颗石藻和抱球虫化石,其中部分抱球虫和颗石具有遭受海底溶蚀作用的现象,指示斜坡扇相对盆地扇有更大的水体深度。平面上两类深水扇具有相似的重力流沉积的分带性,都具有自陆架坡折向盆地方向由颗粒流沉积逐渐向砂质碎屑流和近源高密度浊流、远源低密度浊流等单向演化的特点。     

Définition et datation de la Formation de Venaco (Corse) : dépôt d’origine gravitaire d’âge Priabonien

Priabonian age is highlighted for the first time in Corsica in the Venaco Formation using the presence of specific microfauna (in particular some representatives of Turborotalia cerroazulensis lineage). This silicoclastic formation is mainly represented by coarse facies. It is composed of three members from south to north and from oldest towards youngest: member of Uboli, Cardo and Orsu. The sedimentologic analysis reveals a gravity depositional environment, involving different type of currents. Sedimentologic and chronologic characteristics make the Venaco Formation and the Annot Formation (p.p.) equivalent. Dating the Venaco Fm. brings confirmation that the green schist metamorphism of the Variscan batholith and the related deformation are from the pre-Priabonian period.     

Construction of three-phase data to model multiphase flow in porous media: Comparing an optimization approach to the finite element approach

Multiphase flow modelling is a major issue in the assessment of groundwater pollution. Three-phase flows are commonly governed by mathematical models that associate a pressure equation with two saturation equations. These equations involve a number of secondary variables that reflect the fluid behaviour in a porous medium. To improve the computational efficiency of multiphase flow simulators, several simplified reformulations of three-phase flow equations have been proposed. However, they require the construction of new secondary variables adapted to the reformulated flow equations. In this article, two different approaches are compared to quantify these variables. A numerical example is given for a typical fine sand.     

陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法

本文以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例论述了陆相断陷盆地陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法。分析了陡坡带特殊性及复杂性,针对复杂扇体油藏精细等时地层对比、控砂机制、有效储层划分和油气分布的纵向分带性提出了有效的研究方法,并形成了一整套有针对性的勘探技术流程,在东营凹陷乃至济阳坳陷具有较好的推广前景。     

张力腿平台绕流数值模拟分析

在一定来流条件下,张力腿平台(tension leg platform,简称TLP)的立柱后缘出现周期性的交替旋涡脱落,致使立柱受到垂直于来流方向的升力和平行于来流方向的阻力作用,导致TLP产生大幅度往复运动,显著增加平台结构和系泊系统的负载。目前,关于单柱、多柱结构绕流问题的研究较多,但对于TLP绕流特性的研究较少,机理尚存不明确的地方。为研究TLP的绕流力变化情况和流场特征,开展了数值模拟分析。利用计算流体动力学数值模拟软件,基于雷诺平均(RANS)法和分离涡模拟(DES)法对TLP绕流场进行仿真分析,揭示了TLP的绕流特性。结果表明,在3种来流角度和多个折合速度V_r下,TLP绕流的流体力系数存在明显差异,升力系数时域曲线呈现脉动性。TLP的上、下游立柱间存在明显的相互作用,影响了旋涡的形成与发展。TLP的旋涡脱落大多集中在平台固有频率附近,且在V_r=7,来流角度为0°时,升力系数频谱峰值最大,旋涡脱落集中。     

万米级深海陶瓷耐压结构水下内爆流场数值模拟

耐压结构是深海潜器的重要组成部分,但在深海的高压环境中却存在内爆的风险。为研究陶瓷耐压结构水下内爆的流场特性,使用针对可压缩多相流问题开发的开源代码,采用直接数值模拟,应用自适应直角网格,对两种压力条件下的耐压结构水下内爆进行了数值模拟。通过低压模拟结果与理论解和试验值比较,验证了模拟方法的有效性,进而开展万米级深海陶瓷耐压结构水下内爆模拟。分析发现：陶瓷耐压结构发生内爆后,其内部气腔存在多次压缩—反弹现象,深海环境压力越大则反弹越不明显;气腔反弹阶段,在结构外部将产生数倍于深海环境压力的冲击波,且传播速度接近声速;冲击波压力峰值与到球心距离呈负指数幂函数关系;在相同深海环境压力下,耐压结构外部监测点的冲击波压力与球体半径呈正比例关系。     

涡流发生器对潮流能水轮机翼型水动力学特性影响的数值模拟

为了改善潮流能水轮机叶片表面流动分离问题,提高其升阻比,本文通过在潮流能水轮机叶片表面加装涡流发生器,来研究涡流发生器对潮流能水轮机水动力学性能的影响。本文以NACA4418翼型为研究对象,分别建立了含VGs和不含VGs的三维模型,利用CFD方法研究了VGs的高度、长度以及相邻一对VGs之间的间距等多个方面对该翼型性能的影响。结果表明:VGs可以有效地提高翼型的最大升力系数;相邻VGs间距的增加对流动分离的抑制有积极影响。此外,通过对尾迹区流线和旋涡的分析,进一步揭示了尾迹区的流场特征。     

腾格里沙漠南部格状沙丘的形态演变及移动特征

沙丘的形态变化与移动蕴含区域风沙环境和地貌演化的关键信息,是风沙地貌研究的重要内容。以腾格里沙漠南缘的长格状和方格状沙丘为研究对象,利用风况资料和Google Earth卫星影像,监测2009—2020年两种格状沙丘的形态变化并分析其移动特征。结果表明：(1)腾格里沙漠西南缘和东南缘的主风向均为西北风,长格状沙丘分布区的次风向为东南风,方格状沙丘分布区次风向为东风和东南风,都属于低风能环境、中变率风况。西南部风能环境大于东南部,研究区近10年风动力呈衰减趋势。(2)格状沙丘的主副梁长度和间距在增加,其中,长格状沙丘高度增加,方格状沙丘高度在降低。沙丘主梁向东偏移,副梁向南偏移,形态整体保持稳定。(3)长格状沙丘平均移动速率为1.57～1.71 m·a^-1,方格状沙丘平均移动速率为1.63～2.01 m·a^-1,沙丘平均移动方向与合成输沙方向基本一致,沙丘的体积是造成移动速率差异的主因。     

空间视角下城乡物流网络的内涵、构成要素与研究框架

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向。从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理。基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效。其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出。最后,遵循地理学“格局-过程-机理-决策”的科学逻辑,提出“数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化”4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础。进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践。     

Volume estimation of small scale debris flows based on observations of topographic changes using airborne LiDAR DEMs

This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations.