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长时间内人们把地球看成为一个固体星球,忽视流体在地球动力学中非常重要的作用.在本文中我们将列举一系列的资料来证明它.此流体由H\|A\|C\|O\|N\|S组成.H (氢, 卤素和热), A (碱金属, 例如 Na, K等.), C (碳), O (氧), N (氮), S (硫族).此流体从深部外地核H, H2流向上进入地幔演化为H\|HACONS, 向上到上地幔演化为A\|HACONS, 向上进入地壳后演化为O\|HACONS. 此流体可以使固体地幔,地壳发生弱化,变软,熔融和排气,结果造成地球动力学及大地构造运动和众多自然灾害. 相似文献
64.
H. Kit Miyamoto Amir S. J. Gilani Akira Wada Christopher Ariyaratana 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(11):1279-1297
Fluid viscous dampers are used to control story drifts and member forces in structures during earthquake events. These elements provide satisfactory performance at the design‐level or maximum considered earthquake. However, buildings using fluid viscous dampers have not been subjected to very large earthquakes with intensities greater than the design and maximum considered events. Furthermore, an extensive database of viscous damper performance during large seismic events does not exist. To address these issues, a comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation was conducted to determine the performance of damped structures subjected to large earthquakes. A critical component of this research was the development and verification of a detailed viscous damper mathematical model that incorporates limit states. The development of this model and the laboratory and simulation results conclude good correlation with the new model and the damper limit states and provide superior results compared with the typical damper model when considering near collapse evaluation of structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A numerical wave flume is constructed based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with turbulence closure by a modified k-ε model to study the viscous interactions of waves with vertical breakwaters for different overtopping cases. The governing equations,the turbulence model,boundary conditions,and solution method for the numerical wave flume are introduced briefly. The reliability of the numerical wave flume is examined by comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurement... 相似文献
66.
This paper describes a constitutive approach to model the behavior of rate‐dependent anisotropic structured clay. Rate‐sensitivity is modeled using overstress viscoplasticity. Clay structure is treated as a viscous phenomenon whereby the viscosity of the undisturbed structured clay is initially very high and the viscosity degrades or decreases with plastic straining until the intrinsic or residual viscosity is reached. A microstructure tensor approach is used to make the structured viscosity anisotropic; whereas, the intrinsic viscosity is assumed to be isotropic. The behavior of the constitutive model is compared with the measured response of two clays (Gloucester and St. Vallier clay) from Eastern Canada during triaxial compression tests on specimens trimmed at different orientations to the vertical. The comparisons show that the constitutive framework is able to describe the anisotropic and rate‐sensitive response of both clays. The response of the model is also examined for the more general case of anisotropic consolidated triaxial compression and extension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
A. J. R. White 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):551-555
Dehydration (vapour absent) partial melting reactions in the Earth's crust produce a hydrous granitic melt phase, new anhydrous minerals that are mostly pyroxenes, and new plagioclase more calcic than the initial plagioclase. These solid phases of the melt reaction are restite. If the restite is carried to high levels in the crust as a component of the magma, cooling and crystallisation to granite will result in back reactions in which the H2O in the melt phase is consumed and is not then available to form a hydrothermal solution. Even in magmas in which some restite has been removed there will be some back reaction and again less H2O. Only fractional crystallisation will enrich the H2O in the magma in sufficient amounts to form a substantial quantity of hydrothermal solution and possible mineralisation. 相似文献
68.
C. R. Mondal 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):295-313
Abstract The problem of unsteady long waves generated by any horizontal and symmetrically distributed, time-periodic surface wind on a rotating ocean is analysed for large times and distances. Uniform asymptotic estimates of the surface displacement in the unsteady state are obtained. The steady-state wave and velocity fields at any distance are also determined. Some characteristics of the unsteady and steady motions are described. Also noted are the features that distinguish the motion from its one-dimensional analogue for which a non-uniform analysis in the unsteady state along with a large-distance form of the surface elevation are already known. 相似文献
69.
高压、超高压变质作用是地学研究的热点,它能很好地反映深部地质作用特征和恢复地质历史演化的过程。当前高压、超高压变质作用研究中有几个值得注意的动向:(1)高压变质作用中流体性状和物理化学特点的研究是解决高压变质作用成因的关键;(2)高压变质矿物流变学研究是揭示变质过程的有效途径;(3)超高压变质岩的发现是80年代地学领域中的一场“革命”,其动力学模式为探讨大陆动力学开辟了新的思路。文中介绍了产生超高压变质的柯石英榴辉岩亚相组合的六种动力学模式。 相似文献
70.
变质流体研究某些重要进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
着重介绍了近年来国内外在变质流体与变质矿物共生组合,变质流体与变质反应温度,变质流体不混溶性以麻粒岩相变质流体特征研究方面所取得的一些重要进展。 相似文献