瞬变电磁测深法的研究深度

研究发现,瞬变测深法研究深度除了与采样时间(采样间隔,起始和终止采样时间等)有关外,还与信号源强度、大地电导率、系统噪音水平以及仪器观测精度等因素有关,文中对研究深度与这些量之间的关系作了数学描述。     

用CAPPI和PPI资料测定区域降水量精度比较

应用上海中心气象台７１４数字化天气雷达的体积扫描资料所得的不同高度上的ＣＡＰＰＩ资料和低仰角时ＰＰＩ资料。估算区域降水量并得到降水量分布形势。然后采用平均校准法进行了校准，最后又与用雨量计网测量的区域降水量及其分布形势作了比较，得到一些有意义的结果。     

集成奇异谱分析和自回归滑动平均预测日本近海海平面变化

本文从日本沿岸选取了28个验潮站及联测的GPS站,利用奇异谱分析（Singular Spectrum Analysis,SSA）和SSA+自回归滑动平均（Auto Regression Moving Average,ARMA）方法预测了2014—2018年的近海海平面变化和地壳垂直变化.并用同时段的验潮及GPS的实际测量值进行验证,结果显示,SSA+ARMA预测的相对海平面精度为0.0357~0.0607 m,地壳垂直运动的精度为0.0049~0.0077 m,绝对海平面的精度为0.0433~0.0683 m,且三者SSA+ARMA的预测结果均优于只用SSA预测的结果.在此基础上本文利用SSA+ARMA预测了日本沿岸2019—2023年的近海绝对海平面变化,结果显示,2019—2023年的平均海面高较往年（2014—2018）升高0.0353 m,2003—2023年绝对海平面的变化率为0.0039 m·a^-1,预测结果较为理想.     

珠江三角洲东部常平地区景观异质性研究

本文以１９８８年－１９９６年６个时段景观遥感类型图为主要信息源,利用信息熵法和空隙度指数法对珠江三角洲东部常平地区的景观异质性进行了研究。重点探讨了景观组分的空间分布差异和异质性动态变化情况。结果显示,开发区主要呈宏观异质性分布,果园,农田和林地呈微观异质性分布,城镇和水体的异质性分布特征均出现显著变化。     

Improvement of spatial interpolation accuracy of daily maximum air temperature in urban areas using a stacking ensemble technique

ABSTRACT

The reliable and robust monitoring of air temperature distribution is essential for urban thermal environmental analysis. In this study, a stacking ensemble model consisting of multi-linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF) optimized by the SVR is proposed to interpolate the daily maximum air temperature (T_max) during summertime in a mega urban area. A total of 10 geographic variables, including the clear-sky averaged land surface temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index, were used as input variables. The stacking model was compared to Cokriging, three individual data-driven methods, and a simple average ensemble model, all through leave-one-station-out cross validation. The stacking model showed the best performance by improving the generalizability of the individual models and mitigating the sensitivity to the extreme daily T_max. This study demonstrates that the stacking ensemble method can improve the accuracy of spatial interpolation of environmental variables in various research fields.     

On smoothing techniques for the removal of periodic noise of known period

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the linear modely(n)=X(n)+S(n)+(n) for the data sequencey(n) (n=1, 2, ..., N) whereX={x _IJ} is a knownJ × M matrix of full rankM. Here, the(n) are unknown vectors, which we wish to estimate for eachn; S(n) (n=1, 2, ..., N) is a periodic component (which we wish to estimate or remove) superimposed on the linear structureX(n); and(n) is an error vector which is specified as having zero expectation (with possible further properties). Such models commonly occur in geophysical data analysis.Modified from Technical Report No. 33, Computer Centre, The Australian National University.     

Mode Identification from Line Profiles using the Direct Fitting Technique

The method of moments and the direct fitting method are the onlyspectroscopic methods of mode identification which allow a determination ofall pulsational parameters. The pulsation parameters are required to predictthe light amplitude and phase which can be important discriminants in modeidentification. The direct fitting method has several advantages over themethod of moments. It is not restricted to low spherical harmonic degree or form of the eigenfunction and is not sensitive to the placement of the continuum. In the last few years the method has been applied to several different types of stars. We briefly describe the method and give someexamples of its application.     

基于电磁感应仪的表聚型土壤盐渍剖面特征解译研究

针对目前黄河三角洲地区存在的土壤盐渍化问题,以该地区分布最广泛的表聚型盐分剖面类型为研究对象,运用磁感大地电导率仪EM38,建立了磁感式表观电导率和土壤盐分之间的(多元)回归模型,在分析土壤盐分剖面分布特征的基础上提出了指数衰减模型,并运用该模型对盐分剖面进行了参数拟合和验证。结果表明:磁感式表观电导率EMh和EMv呈极显著的线性相关,土壤盐分在垂直方向上的变异主要表现在表层0~25cm的深度范围内。统计分析和Friedman检验结果表明,回归模型和指数衰减模型均具有较好的拟合结果和预测效果,二者的预测精度差异也不显著,表明本文提出的指数衰减模型不仅能降低待估参数的数量、提高土壤盐分剖面磁感式解译的实用性,同时还具有较高的预测精度。该研究结果为利用电磁感应仪快速、精确地进行土壤盐分预测以及盐分剖面解译提供了一定的理论参考和实践依据。     

Nutrient dynamics in Mediterranean temporary streams: A case study in Pardiela catchment (Degebe River, Portugal)

Most of the streams in the Mediterranean region are temporary, following predictable seasonal of flooding and drying, with a transition from lotic conditions to shallow lentic conditions. The goal of our study was to assess the nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in channel-bed processes of temporary streams between floods. Results show that, during winter, temperatures ranged between 9.5 and 11.2 °C and oxygen concentration ranged from 8.0 to 9.5 mg L⁻¹, whereas, during summer, temperatures varied between 21.2 and 26.8 °C and oxygen between 1.2 and 5.3 mg L⁻¹, with oxygen depletion in the pools during the night. The nitrate concentrations were far more abundant during winter (February), while ammonium concentration increased after stream fragmentation into pools (especially in July when oxygen depletion conditions favoured ammonification). Results on sediment profiles showed that the most active sediment layers for NH₄-N are the top 2–3 cm, corresponding to the sediment depositional sites of the stream. Phosphate concentrations had larger variability, yet concentrations decreased from winter to spring and increased again in summer, when the shallow water pools were formed. Sediment profiles at the sediment depositional sites showed that PO₄-P was more dynamic in the first 6 cm.

In Mediterranean temporary streams, nutrient dynamics vary seasonally, as the system transits from lotic conditions to shallow lentic conditions, evidencing the regeneration of nutrients from organic and inorganic matter during the flow cessation period.