GPS相对定位中的双差新方法

本文首先用附加虚拟观测值的方法导出一种新的多测站相对定位的双差算子方法，然后，证明了该算子方法与现有算子方法的等价性，最后论述了该方法的计算过程并给出有关结果。     

LiCl的Pitzer参数的优化

由于锂盐的重要性和氯化锂在电解质中的特殊性，ＬｉＣｌ和Ｃｉ２ＳＯ４的热力学问题一直被化学家所重视。Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ在其关于电解质的系列论文中给出的ＬｉＣｌ参数，适用的最大浓度仅为６ｍ。１９８８年Ｈｅｅ—Ｔａ１Ｋｉｍ等给出了适用于浓度直达饱和的参数。本文根据多年来我们对含锂盐体系的研究结果，经多种处理获得了ＬｉＣｌ和Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４的新Ｐｉｔａｅｒ参数。发现对于０—６ｍ和６ｍ一饱和不同浓度范围，ＬｉＣｌ的Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ参数截然不同。所获得的参数对于溶解度计算特别有意义。作者还从ＬｉＣｌ溶液的结构讨论了造成参数不同的原因。     

Magnetic studies on the remanence carriers in igneous rocks of different ages

A critical study on the type of the magnetic grains, both in composition and domain state, in rocks of different ages has been carried out. One simple, fast and non-destructive test, which can provide useful information on the nature of the magnetic grains in freshly collected samples, seems to be the ratio of susceptibilities at 77 and 300 K. This ratio, termed relative susceptibility, ranges from 0·1, for samples containing 70% ulvospinel bearing titanomagnetite (TM70) to 1·50 for cation deficient magnetite bearing ones. The results indicate that the value of 0·1 for TM70 is not greatly affected even if some amount of TM80, which is nonmagnetic at 300 K, is present in a rock sample. However, the coercive force at 77 K will increase considerably for such a sample. The effects of mixed compositions and domain states of magnetic grains on the overall behaviour of basalts are discussed.     

Scaling of peak ground motions from digital recordings of small earthquakes at Campi Flegrei,southern Italy

The dependence of peak ground acceleration and velocity on seismic moment is studied for a set of small earthquakes (0.7<M _L<3.2) recorded digitally at distances of a few km in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area near Naples, Italy, during the ground uplift episode of 1982–1984. Numerical simulations, using the -square spectral model with constant stress drop and ane ^–kf high frequency decay, fit well both the velocity and acceleration data for an averagek=0.015. The observed ground motions in the 1–24 Hz frequency band appear to consist of radiation from simple sources modified only slightly by attenuation effects. Moreover, the scaling of peak values agrees closely with those determined in nonvolcanic areas, once the difference in stress drop is taken into account.     

Estimation of hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes when crustal layers have constantP-velocities and dipping interfaces

The paper describes an algorithm for estimating the hypocentral coordinates and origin time of local earthquakes when the wave speed model to be employed is a layered one with dipping interfaces. A constrained least-squared error problem has been solved using the penalty function approach, in conjunction with the sequential unconstrained optimization technique of Fiacco and McCormick. Joint confidence intervals for the computed parameters are estimated using the approach of Bard for nonlinear problems. These results show that when a hypocentre lies outside the array of recording stations and head waves from a dipping interface are involved, then its inclination must be taken into account for dip angles exceeding 5°.     

某些岩石动态性质的初步试验研究

测定和研究与岩石实际破碎过程有关的动载特性,对解决工程中如何有效地破碎岩石和防止岩石破坏两问题很有必要。为此,笔者对几种常见的岩石用“冲击应力脉冲法”进行了试验,并与岩石声波仪测出的结果进行了对比;讨论了岩石动载特性参数,并认为它们对岩石可钻性和爆破性的研究有一定的参考价值。     

Semigroup solutions to stochastic unsteady groundwater flow subject to random parameters

Two methods for the solution of partial differential equations (PDE) for the general case of random in time physical parameters are presented and their application to the solution of unsteady regional groundwater flow equations are illustrated. The first method is the semigroup approach which directly offers a solution without resorting to closure approximations (hierarchy techniques), perturbation techniques, or Montecarlo simulation techniques. The semigroup approach can also handle the general stochastic problem when randomness also appears as initial conditions, boundary conditions or forcing terms. The second method is an approximation scheme to obtain the semigroup solution in complex cases and permits the solution of equations with more than one random coefficient.     

Seismic hazard assessment in Jordan and its vicinity

The earthquake hazard in Jordan and its vicinity is assessed on the basis of probabilistic methods. For this purpose, an updated earthquake catalog is compiled which covers the period between AD 1–1989. The earthquakes lie between latitudes 27.0°-35.5° N and longitudes 32.0°-39.0° E. Thirteen seismic zones are defined on a regional seismic and tectonic map presented for the area. Point-source and line-source models are used. The seismic hazard parameters, namely, theb-parameter (of the Gutenberg-Richter relation),m ₁ (the upper bound magnitude), and ₄ (the annual rate of occurrence of earthquakes with local magnitudeM _L 4.0) are calculated for each zone. The results of the seismic hazard assessment are displayed as iso-acceleration contours expected to be exceeded during typical economic life times of structures, i.e. 50 and 100 years. For each model, two seismic hazard maps are derived. In order to determine the importance of the South-eastern Mediterranean zone and the north part of the Red Sea zone from a seismic hazard point of view for Jordan, one seismic hazard map which corresponds to 50 years' economic life for every model, excluding the seismicity of these zones, is derived.     

孕镶金刚石钻头工作温升的理论分析

在研究钻进规程参数对钻头温升的影响过程中，以能量守恒定律为基础，建立了钻头与岩石系统的能量守恒数学模型。研究表明：在一定范围内，钻头的温升与钻压与转速的乘积呈线性关系，钻压与转速对钻头温升的影响是等效的；通过谐振子模型研究摩擦热能的产生和分配，得出以下结论：摩擦热能在钻头与岩石之间的分配，与其各自弹性模量(硬度)有关，热能的分配与其弹性模量成反比，即Q1：Q2=E2：E1。