磷锑钼蓝光度法测定红土镍矿中磷量

试样经烘干处理后,利用硫酸和氢氟酸溶矿,硝酸提取,加氨水以氢氧化铁为载体沉淀磷酸盐,分离镍、铬、钴、铜等干扰离子,制备成硝酸溶液。中和后,以钼酸铵—酒石酸锑钾为显色剂,以抗坏血酸为还原剂,显色,在700nm处测量吸光度,利用计算机拟合标准曲线计算磷含量。此方法精密度与加标回收率均能满足质量要求。     

Making a home during crisis: Post‐tsunami recovery in a context of war,Sri Lanka

This paper provides insights into the dynamic linkages between the ongoing construction of houses for people displaced by war and disaster, conceptions of homemaking and processes of recovery and reconstruction in the post‐tsunami context in Sri Lanka. In so doing, it also uncovers the dilemmas and ambiguities that are embedded in the recovery process. A case from Eastern Province, Sri Lanka illustrates how recovery works in local areas are driven by various stakeholders from outside, whose negotiations and power, voices and preferences, both independently and collectively, define the scope for homemaking processes. Our findings recommend that debates of ‘building back better’ following such disasters should embody an understanding of houses as political, cultural, social and economic constructs, and be cognizant of the wider processes of homemaking.     

稠油热采储层非均质性及其对开发的影响——以辽河西部凹陷某试验区于楼油层为例

本文以辽河西部凹陷某试验区为例,基于7 口井岩心、镜下薄片、分析测试及400口井测井等多种资料,采取点、线、面相结合的研究思路,利用地质统计学方法,开展稠油热采储层非均质性研究。整体上,于楼油层储层非均质性较强,储层非均质性受沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用等影响（以沉积作用为主）。单井岩电特征与层内韵律非均质性关系密切,目的层可见3种沉积韵律模式,包括正韵律、反韵律和复合韵律（其中以正韵律和复合韵律为主）。沉积微相空间上的快速变化,导致储层非均质性增强。单层之间隔层分布较稳定,隔层厚度多大于2 m。非均质性强、中、弱的区域大体呈条带状,以北西-南东向展布,与物源方向基本一致。储层非均质性直接影响到了油藏的开发效果,研究储层非均质性可为油藏开发方式的转换提供参考。     

利用水合硅酸钠钙渣回收碱并用于制备硅灰石纳米粉体的实验研究

从高硅含铝原料霓辉正长岩中提取氧化铝时,硅以水合硅酸钠钙的形式排出。实验研究了水合硅酸钠钙渣的高效利用技术。利用水合硅酸钠钙自身的水解作用和在NaOH溶液中使之分解两种方法来回收其中的Na2O,所得NaOH溶液经蒸发浓缩后可循环利用。回收碱后剩余的固体渣用来制备硅灰石粉体。实验得出回收碱的优化条件为温度180 ℃,起始溶液的Na2O浓度为20 g/L,液固比为4∶1,洗涤6~7次。在此条件下,碱回收率可达90%以上。对回收碱后所得固体渣进行差热-热重分析,确定制备硅灰石粉体的煅烧温度。在820 ℃下煅烧2 h,制得颗粒尺寸为50~100 nm的α-CaSiO3纳米粉体,对其反应机理进行了初步的探讨。     

樟子松固沙林带间植被恢复及其对林草界面作用的响应

调查了海拉尔市巴音岱林场不同分布格局、不同带间距的人工樟子松林带内植被恢复过程及物种多样性的差异,分析了林草界面生态学效应,研究了林草界面对带间植被自然恢复的作用。结果表明,宽的带间距带内物种多样性和生物量变化曲线出现了两个高峰,而窄的带间距带内只有一个高峰,说明该地区林带之间距离不应小于12 m;当林带之间距离为16~28 m时草本物种多样性出现最大值。植被恢复效果表现为带间距12 m差于带间距24 m,虽然都差于天然植被,但边际效应大大地加速了群落演替的进程。研究区樟子松林草界面边缘效应影响域为20 m, 其小尺度范围内生境异质性也很明显。行带式造林带间距离不应大于40 m,超出边缘效应影响域不利于带间植被恢复。     

Changes in soil and vegetation on moving sand dunes after exclosure in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

In the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land of northern China, land desertification is the main causation in vegetation degradation and formation of moving dunes. A study was conducted from 1996 to 2005 to monitor the changes of vegetation characteristics and soil properties after moving dunes were fenced. The changes were compared between moving sand dunes with exclosure and without exclosure to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation and soil restoration after exclosure establishment. The results show that exlosure establishment facilitated the colonization and development of plant species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Species diversity, average coverage, and plant density significantly increased after exclosure of moving sand dunes along sequence compared with sand dunes without exclosure. Vegetation recovery on moving sand dunes accelerated by exclosure resulted in significant changes in soil properties including increased silt and clay contents, organic C and total N and decreased sand content, especially at the 0-5 cm depth. The results implied that moving sand dunes can be rapidly fixed by construction of exclosure.     

混合气体驱替煤层气技术的可行性研究

气体驱替煤层气技术是近年来发展起来的具有温室气体减排和提高煤层气采收率双赢效果的新兴技术,相关研究受到世界主要发达国家的广泛重视。对于温室气体减排的压力,发达国家的研究主要着眼于该技术在高渗透、不可采煤层中的应用,注入气体主要为CO2,目的是尽可能多地封存CO2,同时提高煤层气采收率。目前,国内在这方面的研究刚刚起步。国内煤层具有渗透率普遍较低、不开采煤层与要开采煤层难以界定的特点,注CO2气体驱替煤层气在这种煤层中的可行性值得商榷。针对国内煤层特点和煤矿瓦斯抽采率低的现状,建议采用富N2混合气体驱替煤层气技术,以提高煤层气产采收率。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验研究分析了实施混合气体驱替煤层气技术的可行性。研究结果表明,混合气体驱替煤层气技术适用于国内低渗透、可开采煤层,可以提高煤层气采收率和单产量。     

贵州青岩地区早-中三叠世生物地层

贵州青岩地区下-中三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,尤其是中三叠世“青岩动物群”,具有生物辐射性质.为了研究二叠纪末生物大灭绝事件后的生物复苏及辐射过程,对该区下、中三叠统剖面进行了实测,并从沉积学、古生物学上进行了系统研究.识别出5个牙形石带:Neospathodus dieneri带、Neospathodus waageni带、Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带、Neospathodus homeri带、Chiosella timorensis带,建立2个有孔虫组合和6个双壳类组合.并根据牙形石化石初步确定出印度阶与奥伦尼克阶及奥伦尼克阶与安尼阶的界线.多门类化石的分布和生态组合结构表明,大灭绝后的复苏-辐射第一幕发生于安尼期早期,安尼期中期雷打坡页岩段的化石组合具有典型辐射后期的生态繁荣景象.古环境研究表明,本区从三叠纪初到中三叠世安尼期沉积水体总体上震荡式变浅,表现为盆地-陆棚-台缘斜坡-台地-盆地-台缘斜坡-陆棚的演变过程.      

Challenges to the representation of suspended sediment transfer using a depth‐averaged flux

The sediment saturation recovery process (i.e. the adaptation of suspended sediment concentration [SSC] to local forcing) is the main feature of the non‐equilibrium suspended sediment transport (SST) frequently occurring in fluvial, estuarine and coastal waters. In order to quantitatively describe this phenomenon, a series solution is analytically derived, including the evolution of both vertical SSC profile and near‐bed sediment flux (NBSF), and is verified by net erosion and net deposition experiments, respectively. The results suggest that the sediment saturation recovery process involves vertically varying fluxes that are not represented correctly by depth‐averaging. Consequently, a vertical two‐dimensional (2D) combined scheme is established and applied respectively in to a dredged trench and to a sand wave feature to demonstrate this argument. By analyzing the variations of the calculated depth‐averaged SSC and NBSF we reveal that the equilibrium state presented by the sediment carrying capacity (SCC) form of the NBSF, which is usually applied in depth‐integrated SST models, lags behind the actual dynamic bed equilibrium state. Moreover, the key factor α, the so‐called saturation recovery coefficient within this form, is not only a function of local Rouse number but also is influenced by the local SSC profile. Finally, a three‐dimensional (3D) non‐orthogonal curvilinear body‐fitted SST model is developed and validated in the Yangtze estuary, China, combined with the in situ hourly hydrographic data from August 14–15, 2007 during spring tide in the wet season. Model results confirm that the vertically varying sediment saturation recovery process, the discrepancies between the actual and SCC form of NBSF and non‐constant value of α are significant in actual real geomorphic cases. The quantitative morphological change resulting from variations in environmental conditions may not be correctly represented by uncorrected depth‐integrated SST models if they do not treat the effects of vertical motion on the sediment saturation recovery process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东疆地区某氧化铜矿选矿试验研究

对新疆东疆地区某氧化铜矿石进行选别试验,确定该氧化铜矿选别流程为一粗二扫一精：选别的最佳条件为：磨矿细度90％;粗选硫化钠用量2500g／t;BX与丁胺黑药组合使用做捕收剂,用量分别为3500g／t和850g／t;2#油用量106g／t.铜精矿品位25．76％,回收率73.51％.