Variations in Typhoon Landfalls over China

The interannual variability in typhoon landfalls over China is investigated using historical and modern records. For the purpose of substantiating and elaborating upon the claim of north to south variation in tropical cyclone activity over China, a north-to-south anti-correlation in yearly activity is confirmed in the historical cyclone records. When cyclone activity over the province of Guangdong is high （low）, it tends to be low （high） over the province of Fujian. A similar spatial variation is identified in the modern records using a factor analysis model, which delineates typhoon activity over the southern provinces of Guangdong and Hainan from the activity over the northern provinces of Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Shandong. A landfall index of typhoon activity representing the degree to which each year follows this pattern of activity is used to identify correlated climate variables. A useful statistical regression model that includes sea-level pressure differences between Mongolia and western China and sea-surface temperature （SST） over the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the summer explains 26% of the interannual variability of the landfall index. It is suggested that a stronger than normal north-south pressure gradient increases the surface easterly wind flow over northern China： this, coupled with lower SST over the Pacific, favors typhoons taking a more westerly track toward southern China.     

人水关系的历史回顾

对人水关系问题出现的原因、现象及其对人们思维方式的影响作了简要的概括,并指出数学模式不适合准确灾害预报的需要。数学模式有助于人们通过工程手段建设和谐的人水关系的基本概念与设计的参考,而工程调控在信息时代将会成为解决环境问题主要途径。     

白刺属植物的川西新记录和澳大利亚间断分布途径的探讨

四川西部干旱河谷新记录两种白刺属植物(柴达木白刺和西伯利亚白刺),从它们的地理分布可以反射出干旱河谷现代植物区系起源古老,具有历史植物区系“活化石”意义,该区系与古地中海在时间上、与现代中亚(草原和荒漠)在空间上有着渊源联系。这两种白刺在川西是中生而不是旱生植物,生于干旱河谷灌丛(近似于中亚草原灌丛)而不是草原或荒漠中。根据植物地理学和地质学研究的一些例证,探讨了远离白刺属发生地和分布中心的比拉底白刺(或其祖型),从非洲北部-阿拉伯地区经由印度和缅甸至马来西亚直达澳大利亚形成现代洲际间断分布的迁移途径。     

不同登陆地点影响福建的台风灾害时空特征分析

根据福建省灾害性气象年鉴和福建省气候影响评价资料，建立以县域为单元的福建省台风灾害数据库（按登陆地点建立分库），运用Excel软件和Mapinfo技术，重建了1980～2005年不同登陆地点影响福建省的台风灾害时空格局。研究表明：不同登陆地点影响福建省的台风灾害年际变化总体都呈波动上升趋势，年内明显集中在7—9月份、群发性强；空间上分布差异较大，登陆福建沿海的台风灾害Tzc高值中心集中分布在闽中北沿海，登陆广东影响福建的台风灾害Tzc高值中心集中分布在闽南沿海和闽西的龙岩、漳平和永定，登陆台湾影响福建的台风灾害Tzc高值中心主要分布在厦门市和闽中北沿海地区，登陆浙江影响福建的台风灾害Tzc高值中心主要分布在闽东北沿海和闽西北局部。     

The first fossil Compsocidae from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Insecta, Psocoptera, Troctomorpha)

The first fossil record of the Compsocidae, Burmacompsocus perreaui gen. et sp. nov., is described from Late Albian Burmese amber. Its strong similarity to the two extant compsocid genera suggests a remarkable morphological stability within this group of 100 Ma. This family, now known only in Central America, was certainly more widespread in the past.     

地球物理方法在盘龙城(府河工区)考古调查中的应用

应用地球物理的磁法和电法勘探技术,因其具有无损探测、快速、成本低廉和探测深度大的特点,已成为国内外考古前期调查的理想方法。笔者介绍了使用高精度磁测和高密度电阻率法2种方法在商代遗址——盘龙城进行考古调查的经过,介绍了物探考古工作的原理、数据采集及质量评价;重点讨论了对所发现的2个新的异常的场源性质分析认识的过程。     

8.2ka BP冷气候事件确实在中国发生过吗？

综合迄今中国境内湖泊沉积、冰心、泥炭、石笋、古土壤和洪积物获得的全新世数据及序列表明,早全新世气候变化是不稳定的,至少存在一次明显的降温事件,且表现为区域差异,其根本原因是受不同气候系统、复杂地形（特别是高原）的制约。但是,将不同地区、存在于9.0～7.6ka BP期间、500a至200a不等的气候突变或波动和记录与环北大西洋的8.2ka BP气候突变事件相对应,并归因于Laurentide冰盖的崩塌冰融水注入北大西洋造成的降温显然是草率的。中国主要地处季风气候区,加上目前我们所得序列的不同年代、样品精度、不同材料以及缺乏对气候事件前后精确的年代数据的控制,对于中国是否存在相同的或相似的气候降温事件是值得商榷的。如果真的存在,其时间跨度、降温幅度以及诱发机制又是什么,均需进一步认真研究。     

Geoscience of ancient Mediterranean harbours

Although much has been written on the subject of ancient Mediterranean harbours, the relatively new area of harbour geoarchaeology remains dispersed in the geoscience and archaeological literature. Over a decade of research has amassed rich and varied datasets of anthropogenically forced coastal evolution, with a remarkable number of between-site analogies. This new research field also shows the rich potential of geoscience to reconcile important archaeological questions. No single publication, however, has yet drawn on these geological patterns to yield a detailed overview suitable for geoscientists and environmental archaeologists. The aim of this review article is to (1) discuss how ancient harbours have come to be preserved in the geological record; (2) expound the basic principles and palaeoenvironmental tools underpinning ancient harbour geoarchaeology; (3) outline some of the most significant research advances made; and (4) discuss a new chrono-stratigraphic model applicable to harbour sequences.     

地磁方法在地震短临预报中的应用研究

结合江苏地区近20年的地磁观测实践,对地磁方法的现状及在地震短临预报中的作用提出看法、意见和建议。     

Chronostratigraphy of a sediment record from the Hajar mountain range in north Oman: Implications for optical dating of insufficiently bleached sediments

In this study we report on optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of quartz extracted from a sedimentary record in the N-Oman mountain range. Equivalent dose (D_E) distributions derived from single aliquot measurements (SAR) of small aliquots (ca. 200 grains) were investigated to test whether the skewness and broadness of the dose distribution can be used as criteria for the identification of insufficient bleaching. Furthermore, the methods proposed by Lepper and McKeever [2002 An objective methodology for dose distribution analysis. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 101 (1–4), 349-352]. Singhvi [Juyal, N., Chamyal, L.S., Bhandari, S., Bushan, R., Singhvi, A.K., in press. Continental record of the southwest monsoon during the last 130 ka: evidence from the southern margin of the Thar Desert, India. Quaternary Science Review] and Fuchs and Lang [2001 Fuchs, M., Lang, A., 2001. OSL dating of coarse-grain fluvial quartz using single-aliquot protocols on sediments from NE Peloponnese, Greece. Quaternary Science Review 20, 783–787.] to derive D_E's from insufficiently bleached sediments were compared. At first, the investigations were carried out on artificially bleached, irradiated and mixed quartz material from the Oman study area to simulate insufficiently bleached sediments. Then, the various statistical methods for identifying insufficient bleaching and D_E derivation were applied to the natural samples from the study area, where 18 samples were measured. For the identification of insufficient bleaching the preferential parameter is the broadness of a distribution. For D_E calculation, both the Singhvi method and the Fuchs and Lang method produce similar results, which are consistent with the stratigraphic order. A drawback of both methods is their sensitivity to low outliers. The Lepper and McKeever method was not applied to the natural samples, due to limitations in its application to a small number of aliquots and due to the ambiguous identification of the rising limb of the dose distributions.