Use of the conditional spectrum to incorporate record‐to‐record variability in simplified seismic assessment of RC wall buildings

A procedure for incorporating record‐to‐record variability into the simplified seismic assessment of RC wall buildings is presented. The procedure relies on the use of the conditional spectrum to randomly sample spectral ordinates at relevant periods of vibration. For inelastic response, displacement reduction factors are then used to relate inelastic displacement demand to the spectral displacement at the effective period for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems. Simple equations are used to convert back and forth between multi‐degree‐of‐freedom RC wall buildings and equivalent single‐degree‐of‐systems so that relevant engineering demand parameters can be obtained. Consideration is also given to higher‐mode effects by adapting existing modal combination rules. The proposed method is applied to several case study buildings, showing promising results in the examination of inter‐storey drift ratio and shear forces. The proposed method captures the variation in the distribution of structural response parameters that occurs with variations in structural configuration, intensity, engineering demand parameter of interest and site characteristics. Discussion is provided on possible ways to improve the accuracy of the procedure and suggestions for additional future work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基础刚度对砖石古塔地震响应影响研究

以西安万寿寺塔纠偏工程为研究背景,分别建立增加圈梁、圈梁-地梁组合以及圈梁-地梁-托盘组合模型下的塔体与基础协同工作模型。采用时程分析法,对不同基础刚度条件下塔体的地震响应进行分析及评估,结果表明:(1)增大基础刚度的同时结构的地震位移响应将会被放大,但应力时程曲线的波动范围随之缩小、幅值减小;(2)增设圈梁时由于塔底三向受力,塔底应力将被放大;(3)进行基础完全托换能够大幅改善塔底在地震作用下的受力状态。在塔体加固维修时应综合考虑地震作用下塔体的位移放大效应与塔体应力分布的影响,选取合适的基础刚度。     

Continuous estimates on the earthquake early warning magnitude by use of the near-field acceleration records

In this article, the seismic records of Japan’s Kik-net are selected to measure the acceleration, displacement, and effective peak acceleration of each seismic record within a certain time after P wave, then a continuous estimation is given on earthquake early warning magnitude through statistical analysis method, and Wenchuan earthquake record is utilized to check the method. The results show that the reliability of earthquake early warning magnitude continuously increases with the increase of the seismic information, the biggest residual happens if the acceleration is adopted to fit earthquake magnitude, which may be caused by rich high-frequency components and large dispersion of peak value in acceleration record, the influence caused by the high-frequency components can be effectively reduced if the effective peak acceleration and peak displacement is adopted, it is estimated that the dispersion of earthquake magnitude obviously reduces, but it is easy for peak displacement to be affected by long-period drifting. In various components, the residual enlargement phenomenon at vertical direction is almost unobvious, thus it is recommended in this article that the effective peak acceleration at vertical direction is preferred to estimate earthquake early warning magnitude. Through adopting Wenchuan strong earthquake record to check the method mentioned in this article, it is found that this method can be used to quickly, stably, and accurately estimate the early warning magnitude of this earthquake, which shows that this method is completely applicable for earthquake early warning.     

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强震、微震记录数据差异的模型验算

在分析强震观测与微震观测本质区别的基础上, 以已知的地震波强度资料为参照, 通过对比FBS-3B型微震计及BBAS-2型强震加速度计的仪器噪声,揭示了仪器噪声、响应类型对两种仪器检测灵敏度的影响. 我们对小湾台网记录到的一次微震进行了模拟计算. 用正弦子波叠加合成地震记录作为地震计摆体响应方程的输入,通过计算,获得了微震计和强震加速度计的输出. 对输入和输出数据进行分析,证明了两种仪器对远震长周期信号的监测能力存在显著差异,这种差异来源于强震计与微震计检测下限的不同.      

近8000年来太湖北部钻孔沉积记录的环境演变

通过对太湖北部TH-004钻孔沉积物磁化率、粒度、色度指标的测试分析,反演区域8 000年来沉积环境演变,主要表现为8～7kaBP的温暖湿润阶段,7kaBP以来环境的变冷变干,以及2.6kaBP左右的温度湿度回升。但该变化过程更主要表现为温度的快速冷暖旋回,有效湿度的变化并没有温度变化明显,这可能是由于季风降水变化主要表现在季风影响区的边缘地带,而太湖处于季风区内部,无论东亚夏季风增强或减弱,其有效湿度都不会产生明显变化。在此期间有明显的小尺度突变气候事件,特别是中世纪暖期及小冰期气候寒冷事件,在该项研究中都有很好的体现。     

Experimental study of human-induced effects on floor slab of an ancient Tibetan structure

With the opening of ancient Tibetan structures to visitors worldwide, human load has become the principal live load on these structures. This project studies the properties of the floor structure of an ancient Tibetan building and its behavior under human-induced load effects. Tests were conducted with static and dynamic crowd load, including stepping and jogging by people at a fixed position. The tests show that the floor structure does not behave as a continuous slab. It takes the load from local areas with minimal load transference properties. The acceleration response shows significant peaks when the footstep frequency is close to the natural frequency of the structure, but the human jogging excitation frequency does not have any obvious effect on the structural response. The elastic modulus of the Agatu material is estimated to be close to zero from the measured natural frequency of the slab. The Agatu material is concluded to be a discrete compacted material with insignificant contribution to the structural rigidity of the floor slab.     

First report of the genus Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from Chinese waters

The ampharetid genus Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 is reported for the first time from Chinese waters. The identification was based on material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao). A new species, Lysippe trichobranchia sp. nov. is described. The new species is widely distributed in shallow waters of the Bohai Gulf, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea at depths of 10-40 m.