微量相X射线衍射定量分析的一种简便方法

阐述了关于微量相X射线衍射定量分析的一种简便方法———近似线性关系法,它适用于二相体系(或基体吸收系数基本恒定的多相体系)材料中微量相的定量分析。该方法不需要在待测样品中加入参考物相,分析时仅需对一条衍射线进行测定,因而分析时间很短,其测定结果与实际含量的相对误差为-10.2%～ 21.4%,与外标法和内标法的测量结果的精度相当。     

理学3080E3型X射线荧光光谱仪维修实例

介绍理学3080E3型X射线荧光光谱仪样品驱动单元及高压发生器部分的故障现象及维修实例。     

乌鲁木齐雷暴天气的云图分析

通过对1997－1999年乌鲁木齐发生的11次雷暴天气的分析表明，雷暴天气发生于850hPa上反气旋环流的东南边缘的高能量区，雷暴云图由孤立的对流云图和锋面及涡旋云系中的对流云图发展而成，其形状不规则，生命史4－8h，当雷暴云图成熟时产生雷暴天气现象。     

喉癌CT分型和CD44V6表达的意义

目的 探讨喉癌的CT分型和转移相关因子CD44V6表达的意义。方法 对39例喉鳞癌行术前常规CT检查，其术后标本进行CD44V6的表达检测，与术前CT片作对照分析。结果39例喉鳞癌CT检查；声门型24例，声门上型14例，跨声门型1例，声门下型0例；T1－2级22例，T3－4级17例；淋巴结转移组13例，非转移组26例，CD44V6总的阳性表达率为61．5％，对各组均采用秩次检验分析，CD44V6在喉癌的CT的T分级和淋巴结分组中存在显著性差异（P＜0．01）。而部位分区无明显差异。结论 喉癌的CT分型中的T分级、淋巴结分组与CD44V6的阳性表达密切相关。     

中国市场群落发展机制

市场群落的崛起已成为21世纪初中国市场经济发展的新景观，在概述市场群落的基本特点后，揭示其形成和演化的动力机制；继而对单个市场与群落型市场上经营者的行为方式特征进行了比较分析，表明群落型市场具有多方面的竞争优势；指出市场群落的空间扩张还促进了经济国际化与本地化的有机融合发展，同时认为，市场群落持续发展的根本在于保证商人的可持续发展，并提出了相应的对策建议。     

ARL9400型X荧光光谱仪探测器高压部分故障分析与维修

简述了瑞士ARL 9400型X荧光光谱仪探测器高压部分的故障现象、分析与处理及维修方法，并给出了维修实例。     

Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction study of the thermal decomposition of an ettringite-group crystal

 A Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction study of the thermal decomposition of a naturally occurring, ettringite-group crystal is presented. Raman spectra, recorded with increasing temperature, indicate that the thermal decomposition begins at ≈55 °C, accompanied by dehydration of water molecules from the mineral. This is in contrast to previous studies that reported higher temperature breakdown of ettringite. The dehydration is completed by 175 °C and this results in total collapse of the crystalline structure and the material becomes amorphous. The Raman scattering results are supported by X-ray diffraction results obtained at increasing temperatures. Received: 9 July 2001 / Accepted: 14 August 2002     

Advances in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence

Recently, two new instruments for X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) with interesting features for geochemical applications came to the market. Both instruments were designed to improve the peak to background ratio, the principal factor limiting the sensitivity of XRF. Total reflection XRF (TXRF) was designed to analyse extremely small sample amounts. An instrument, using polarised X-rays (P-XRF) for excitation, is designed to reduce scattered background in spectra of bulk samples. The performance of both instruments was compared with conventional XRF-methods and ICP/MS. Results for GXR-1, GXR-2, GXR-3, GXR-4 and GXR-6 obtained with TXRF and P-XRF are in good agreement with literature data. The effective amount of sample, analysed by TXRF was 200 μg only and detection limits of ~ l μg/g were achieved. P-XRF shows considerable improved detection limits (0.25–0.5 μg/g) for bulk samples for elements with atomic numbers 42–51 (Mo-Sb) compared with conventional XRF-methods.     

X射线荧光测井井液的影响与校正

X射线荧光测井中 ,井液位于井下探管与井壁之间 ,它的影响不但表现在对特征X射线的吸收 ,而且表现在对源初级射线和特征 X射线的散射。井液的校正采用硬件与软件相结合的方法 ,在硬件上 ,使含有探测器的部分制成单独的短臂 ,有效地保证了探测窗与井壁的良好接触 ;在软件上 ,提出的双散射峰法和散射峰 -逃逸峰法 ,能够校正 0 - 10 mm厚的井液对 X射线荧光测井结果的影响     

Surface chemical analysis in coal preparation research: complementary information from XPS and ToF-SIMS

The application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to coal surface characterisation for preparation research is described. Progress towards the acquisition of complementary surface chemical information by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is also discussed. Surface-based beneficiation techniques such as flotation are assuming greater importance as the proportion of fines in raw coal increases due to the proliferation of high capacity mining methods. A necessary condition for the floatability of a coal particle is adequate hydrophobicity, and the degree of hydrophobicity of the flotation concentrate is one factor influencing the ease with which its dewatering can be affected. The hydrophobicity of a coal is very difficult to measure directly because of microporosity, and it is often necessary to deduce the degree of hydrophobicity from a knowledge of the surface chemistry. XPS is able to provide sufficient analytical data to allow relative levels of hydrophobicity to be estimated. In principle, ToF-SIMS should be able to supply additional information enabling refinement of such estimates; however, there are insufficient data at present to allow the ionic fragments detected to be related to specific functional groups at the coal surface.