应用扫描电镜与X射线能谱仪研究柳江盆地上石盒子组砂岩孔隙与矿物成分特征

柳江盆地是国家级地质遗迹自然保护区,位于河北省秦皇岛市北部的燕山脚下。该区内的二叠系上石盒子组砂岩的岩石学研究工作多集中于宏观野外地质观测,缺少微观尺度下对上石盒子组孔隙特征和矿物组分特征的研究。本文在野外地质观察与剖面实测基础上,采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱测试,分析了柳江盆地上石盒子组砂岩的孔隙特征与成分特征。结果表明,柳江盆地上石盒子组以含砾粗砂岩、中砂岩与粉砂岩-泥岩互层为主,具有"二元结构"。扫描电镜下观察发现上石盒子组砂岩孔隙包括原生孔隙和次生孔隙两大类,次生孔隙依据孔隙形态与分布位置又可分为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、微裂隙和晶间微孔。砂岩矿物组成含量最多的矿物为石英和长石,其次为高岭石和绿泥石等黏土矿物;黏土矿物的种类组合特征表明,上石盒子组砂岩处于中成岩阶段早期。     

3D Pore-network quantitative analysis in deformed carbonate grainstones

This study consists of a three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the pore network properties (i.e., porosity, pore connectivity, specific surface area) in deformed carbonate grainstones cropping out in Sicily and Abruzzo regions (Italy). Previous studies, including microphotography, mercury injection analysis, and in-situ air permeameter measurements, have reported permeability differences (in the range of two-to-three orders of magnitude) between the carbonate grainstones exposed in Sicily and Abruzzo, that cannot be explained by only considering the differences of porosity. In this study, the pore network properties of suitable rock samples were studied by quantitative analysis of X-ray micro-CT images using both synchrotron and microfocus sources. On the basis of the results, inferences about the control of pore network properties on permeability were made for both host rock and deformation bands. In the host rocks, high values of connectivity seem to be associated with high values of permeability, whereas higher values of the specific surface area seem to correspond to lower permeability. Within the deformation bands (DBs), both porosity and pore connectivity are reduced except for local solution-enlarged stylolites and fractures (slip surfaces) preferentially connected parallel to the DB.     

前瞻性心电门控技术80kV-CT冠脉造影的临床应用研究

目的:评价80kV-CT冠脉造影图像质量与辐射剂量,明确其临床应用价值。方法:选取拟行CT冠状动脉造影的患者61例,随机分为两组。A组管电压设置为80kV,管电流300~450mA;B组管电压设置为120kV,管电流200~350mA。比较A和B两组的主观图像质量、客观图像质量(CT值、噪声值、SNR、CNR)及辐射剂量。P〈0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果:A组平均得分3.36±0.68,B组平均得分4.58±0.67,A组与B组(t=-25.859,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。A组可评估率为97.32%,B组可评估率为99.02%,A组与B组(χ2=3.276,P=0.070)差异无统计学意义。主动脉根部CT值,A组为(573.11±150.42)HU,B组为(428.41±95.32)HU,A组与B组(t=4.434,P=0.000)差异具有统计学意义;主动脉根部噪声值,A组为(43.32±12.25)HU,B组为(28.79±7.61)HU,A组与B组(t=5.488,P=0.000)差异具有统计学意义;主动脉根部SNR,A组为13.99±4.80,B组为14.78±3.50,A组与B组(t=-0.725,P=0.471)差异无统计学意义;主动脉根部CNR,A组为16.25±5.18,B组为18.82±4.65,A组与B组(t=-2.031,P=0.047)差异具有统计学意义;A组ED为(0.95±0.09)mSv,B组ED为(2.07±0.21)mSv,A组与B组(t=-28.052,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。结论:通过适当提高管电流的80kV-CTCA可以大幅减低辐射剂量,而图像质量可满足诊断。      

自身免疫性胰腺炎CT表现及随访分析

目的:观察自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)CT表现及动态变化特征。方法:回顾性分析6例AIP患者的临床及CT资料,通过随访患者分析类固醇治疗前、后不同时期AIP的CT表现及转归。结果:类固醇治疗前,5例AIP患者CT见胰腺弥漫性肿大,1例胰头局限性肿大;CT增强扫描显示受累胰腺渐进性强化;2例CT见胰周低密度带;6例受累胰腺区胰管不可见;6例CT见胰腺段胆管壁增厚、管腔狭窄。类固醇治疗后,6例复查和4例远期随访患者CT显示胰腺进行性缩小,其中2例萎缩的胰腺实质呈渐进性强化;2例胰周低密度带消失;6例胆管恢复至正常管径。3例胰腺病变复发,其中2例胰腺弥漫性肿大,1例胰头局限性肿大伴胰体尾萎缩;3例受累胰腺区胰管不可见;1例胰体尾前方出现假性囊肿。结论:类固醇治疗前与病变复发时AIP的CT表现相似,主要包括胰腺弥漫性、局限性肿大以及受累胰腺区胰管不可见,治疗后CT复查及随访可见胰腺进行性缩小或胰腺萎缩。      

FLASH扫描在冠状动脉CTA双低中的应用研究

目的:探讨在100kV管电压条件下应用碘克沙醇低碘浓度(270mgI/mL)对比剂,结合大螺距前瞻性心电门控螺旋扫描(FLASH spiral)模式和正弦波迭代重建技术(SAFIRE)行冠状动脉CT成像(CCTA)的可行性。方法:收集接受CCTA检查且心率≤70次/min的患者60例,随机分为A、B两组。A组患者采用FLASH spiral扫描模式,扫描管电压100kV,碘对比剂浓度为270mgI/mL,应用迭代重建技术(SAFIRE),重建卷积核I26f;B组患者采用前瞻性心电门控序列扫描模式,扫描管电压为120kV,碘对比剂浓度为370mgI/mL,采用滤波反投影重建(FBP),重建卷积核B26f,比较两组患者CCTA图像质量与有效射线剂量的差异性。结果:①两组患者年龄、心率和BMI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②图像质量:两组图像质量主观评价比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组图像质量客观评价比较,A、B两组在左冠状动脉主干的SD和SNR数值差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05),其他指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③辐射剂量:A组平均有效射线剂量为(0.94±0.05)mSv,B组(4.31±1.21)mSv,两组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组有效剂量较B组大幅减低,降幅约达78.2%。结论:100kV管电压条件下应用碘克沙醇低碘浓度(270mgI/mL)对比剂,结合FLASH扫描模式和SAFIRE行CCTA检查,图像质量可以满足临床诊断需要,与一般前瞻性心电门控序列扫描相比,有效剂量降低约78.2%。      

低管电压头颈CTA图像质量与辐射剂量的定量评估

目的:通过尝试直接降低管电压的方法控制辐射剂量,并评价图像质量,探讨其临床应用价值。方法:前瞻性选取2013年9月~2014年7月拟行头颈CTA检查的患者40例,并满足入组条件。患者分为A、B两组。A组患者采用低管电压设置,B组患者采用常规管电压设置。评价两组患者双侧颈动脉客观图像质量(包括CT值、SNR与CNR)与主观图像质量、辐射剂量。P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。结果:A组SNR为11.39±3.80,B组总SNR为12.48±4.48,t=-1.660,P=0.099,差异无统计学意义。A组总对CNR为10.12±3.55,B组总CNR为10.44±4.14,t=-0.485,P=0.628,差异无统计学意义。A、B两组可评估率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.013,P=0.314)。A组有效剂量为2.29mSv±0.12mSv,B组有效剂量为6.69mSv±0.31mSv,t=-59.756,P=0.000,差异具有统计学意义。结论:通过降低管电压至80kV行头颈CTA扫描可以大幅度减低辐射剂量,而图像质量无明显影响,可以进行初步临床应用。      

巨囊型肝内胆管囊腺类肿瘤的MSCT诊断

目的:探讨巨囊型肝内胆管囊腺类肿瘤的MSCT特点,评价其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的4例胆管囊腺瘤及2例胆管囊腺癌的MSCT表现,包括病灶位置、囊液密度均匀度、有无分隔、壁结节、强化特征、邻近肝内囊性病灶、肝内胆管扩张情况及邻近肝实质灌注等。结果:6例均表现为囊性病灶,5例病灶位于近肝门部,1例病灶位于肝右叶下段;4例病灶囊液密度均匀,2例囊液密度不均匀;5例病灶囊内均有分隔,1例病灶无分隔;2例病灶存在附壁结节并明显强化,2例病灶囊壁及分隔钙化;2例病灶邻近肝内可见小囊状病灶(1~2个);5例病灶远肝门侧肝内胆管轻度扩张,1例肝内胆管未见扩张;5例病灶周围肝实质动脉期异常灌注。结论:巨囊型肝内胆管囊腺类肿瘤MSCT表现具有特征性,对诊断、鉴别诊断及指导临床治疗均有较大价值。      

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis of corroded glass objects

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) is a useful tool for non-destructive analysis of corroded archaeological glass objects and for monitoring restoration and conservation processes for these materials. This was demonstrated by µCT analysis of artificially corroded laboratory-produced glasses and corroded archaeological glasses retrieved from soil environments. Corrosion layers with a thickness of 20 µm or more can be detected as areas with lower X-ray attenuation values than the non-corroded glass. Features that are revealed by µCT analyses include the degree and patterns of corrosion and the presence of various internal structures in the corrosion layers. The study of restored corroded glasses demonstrates that mechanical and laser cleaning can be monitored efficiently. The study of consolidation practices, using test objects, requires the use of additives to increase X-ray attenuation values of the organic compounds that are used.     

熔融玻璃片制样-X射线荧光光谱测定页岩中主量元素

熔融片法制样,用X射线荧光光谱法测定页岩样品中硅、铝、铁、钙、钾、镁、钠7个主量元素,以页岩、岩石、水系沉积物、土壤国家一级标准物质作为校准样品,使用理论α系数和经验系数相结合的方法校正基体效应。方法精密度(RSD,n=12)≤1.50%。分析结果与化学法进行对照基本一致。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钛精矿中主次量组分

采用铁矿标准样品和高纯二氧化钛混合配制钛精矿的校准样品,X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钛精矿中氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、磷、硫、氧化钙、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒、锰、铁等主次量成分,并对熔剂选择、熔融条件、钒Kα峰位确定及基体效应校正等进行了探讨。测定结果与标准样品标称值吻合,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)除低含量的磷、硫外均在5%以下,能满足钛精矿的检测需要。