Wave parameters and functions in wavelet analysis

A preliminary study of wave parameters and functions in wavelet analysis is conducted in this paper. The Morlet wavelet transform is used to calculate the time–frequency wavelet energy density function, its volume (i.e. the total energy), its frequency-integral (i.e. the wavelet smoothed instantaneous wave energy history), its time-integral (i.e. the wavelet spectral density function), and two non-dimensional wave indices (NIF, NIT). The processing of the measured wave data obtained from the Chi-Gu coastal observation tower during the period August 2000 to July 2001 indicates that the inter-comparison of wavelet smoothed instantaneous wave energy history and smoothed instantaneous wave energy history (SIWEH) as defined by Funke and Mansard (Proc 17th Int Conf on Ocean Eng, 1980) can reveal the noise structure of the wave signal. The wave data with index NIF greater than 2 is always accompanied with noise, therefore NIF can be used as one of the data quality criteria. The index NIT is linearly correlated with the significant wave period and with the significant wave height, therefore NIT can be used to study the wave growth and decaying phenomena.     

热带太平洋海平面高度年变化与季节内变化特征

利用小波分析方法 ,对热带太平洋 ( 30°S— 30°N ,1 30°E— 80°W ) 1 992年 1 0月 3日—1 996年 1 0月 9日期间的海平面高度资料从振荡周期、强度和传播等方面进行了全面分析。研究结果表明 ,海平面高度存在明显的年变化、5 8— 1 39天振荡和 2 9— 35天振荡。其中年变化主要存在于 0°— 1 5°N、1 35°E— 95°W ,传播不明显。 5 8- 1 39天振荡主要位于以 2 0°N和 2 0°S为中心的两个副热带区域中 (范围约为 1 6°N— 30°N、1 30°E— 1 5 0°W和 1 7°S— 30°S、1 5 0°E—1 5 0°W) ,它们向西传播 ,传播速度随纬度增高而变慢 ,在 2 0°N传播速度约为 1 0cm/s,波长约为80 0km。 90天左右的振荡具有年变化且与ElNi no事件有很好的对应关系。 2 9— 35天振荡主要存在于中东太平洋以 5°N和 5°S为中心的带状区域中 ,经度范围约为 1 60°W— 1 0 5°W和1 70°W— 1 40°W ,传播不明显。年变化、5 8— 1 39天和 2 9— 35天振荡方差占总方差的百分比分别约为 :2 0 %— 40 %、1 0 %和 1 %— 2 %。     

测井数据小波变换在层序地层分析中的应用研究

以柴达木盆地北缘某钻井中侏罗统的层序地层划分为例,对各种一维连续小波在地层划分中的效果进行尝试,发现采用db5小波用于层序划分较为理想。通过利用db5小波对自然伽马测井数据进行连续小波变换,将测井信号与深度的关系转换为与深度及尺度域的变化关系,以此识别出了层序界面。利用该小波变换进行的层序地层划分,与传统方法划分的结果基本一致。     

Analysis of Low-Frequency Turbulence Above Tall Vegetation Using a Doppler Sodar

This study applies acoustic sounding to observe coherent structures in the roughness sublayer (RSL) above tall vegetated surfaces. Data were collected on 22 days during two separate field experiments in summer 2003. A quality control scheme was developed to ensure high data quality of the collected time series. The data analysis was done using both discrete and continuous wavelet transform. The flow in the RSL was found to be a superposition of dynamic Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities and convective mixing. The characteristic time scales for coherent structures resulting from the dynamic instabilities were observed to be approximately 20–30 s while thermal eddies have much larger time scales of 190–210 s. The degree of vertical coherency in the RSL increases with the flow evolving from neutral to near-convective conditions. This increase in the degree of organisation is attributed to the evolution of attached thermal eddies. The coherent structures resulting from instabilities were found to be present throughout the RSL but do not contribute to the increased vertical coherency. An alternative conceptual approach for the definition of the RSL is proposed, which yields its maximum vertical extent to five times the canopy height.     

地图数据从MicroStation到AutoCAD转换的探讨

本文主要探讨了针对地图数据从MicroStation到AutoCAD的转换，应在MicroStation和AutoCAD中所做的一些工作和参数的配置，以及整个转换工作的流程．从而能保证数据的完全转换。     

用转换函数方法研究台湾地区三维深部结构

利用台湾数字地震台网提供的三分量地震波形记录，应用转换函数及快速模拟退火算法对台湾地区59个地震站下的地壳横波速度结构进行了反演，从而获得了台湾地区三维深部结构. 结果显示地壳界面的最深处位于中央山脉西侧,与台湾布格重力异常分布的特点较为一致. 说明由于台湾地区造山运动还处于年轻阶段，中央山脉的山根发育尚不完整，远未达到静力学均衡，因此台湾地区地壳处于动力学平衡状态.     

ASTER数据的自组织神经网络分类研究

传统的遥感数据分类方法大多基于统计学的参数估计，假设数据分布服从高斯正态分布。神经网络方法无需参数估计和统计假设，因而，近来越来越多地应用于遥感数据分类之中。介绍了基于聚类分析的自组织特征映射分类方法。ASTER卫星数据是新型遥感数据，包括 3个15 m分辨率波段和 3个30 m分辨率的短波红外波段。选择北京地区的ASTER数据作为方法实验数据，首先对数据进行了小波融合，然后进行了土地覆盖类型的自组织特征映射神经网络分类研究，把研究结果同最大似然判别法得到的分类结果进行了比较，分类精度比最大似然判别法总体提高了9％。     

Lithospheric structure and dynamic processes of the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin

Located at the center of the Eurasian continent and accommodating as much as 44% of the present crustal shortening between India and Siberia, the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB) is one of the youngest (<20 Ma) and highest (elevation>7000 m) orogenic belts in the world. It provides a natural laboratory for examining the processes of intracontinental deformation. In recent years, wide angle seismic reflection/refraction profiling and magnetotelluric sounding surveys have been carried out along a geoscience transect which extends northeastward from Xayar at the northern margin of the Tarim basin (TB), through the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin (JB), to Burjing at the southern piedmont of the Altay Mountain. We have also obtained the 2D density structure of the crust and upper mantle of this area by using the Bouguer anomaly data of Northwestern Xinjiang. With these surveys, we attempt to image the 2D velocity and the 2D electric structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin. In order to obtain the small-scale structure of the crust–mantle transitional zone of the study area, the wavelet transform method is applied to the seismic wide angle reflection/refraction data. Combining our survey results with heat flow and other geological data, we propose a model that interprets the deep processes beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin.Located between the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin, the Tianshan orogenic belt is a block with relatively low velocity, low density, and partially high resistivity. It is tectonically a shortening zone under lateral compression. A detachment exists in the upper crust at the northern margin of the Tarim basin. Its lower part of the upper crust intruded into the lower part of the upper and the middle crust of the Tianshan, near the Korla fault; its middle crust intruded into the lower crust of the Tianshan; and its lower crust and lithospheric mantle subducted into the upper mantle of the Tianshan. In these processes, the mass of the lower crust of the Tarim basin was carried down to the upper mantle beneath the Tianshan, forming a 20-km-thick complex crust–mantle transitional zone composed of seven thin layers with a lower than average velocity. The thrusting and folding of the sedimentary cover, the intrusive layer in the upper and middle crust, and the mass added by the subduction of the Tarim basin into the upper mantle of the Tianshan are probably responsible for the crustal thickening of the Tianshan. Due to the important mass deficiency in the crust and the upper mantle of the Tianshan, buoyancy must occur and lead to rapid ascent of the Tianshan.The episodic tectonic uplift of the Tianshan and tectonic subsidence of the Junggar basin are closely related to the evolution of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Tethys.     

Conditional Spectral Simulation with Phase Identification

Spectral simulation is used widely in electrical engineering to generate random fields with a given covariance spectrum. The algorithms used are fast particularly when based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). However, because of lack of phase identification, spectral simulation only generates unconditional realizations. Local data conditioning is obtained typically by adding a simulated kriging residual. This conditioning process requires an additional kriging at each simulated node thus forfeiting the speed advantage of FFT. A new algorithm for conditioning is proposed whereby the phase values are determined iteratively to ensure approximative data reproduction while reproducing the frequency spectrum, that is, the covariance model. A case study is presented to demonstrate the algorithm.