地球固体内核平动振荡的研究和检测

系统介绍了有关Slichter模的理论模拟及其超导重力观测检测的进展。地球固态内核的平动振荡是地球的基本简正模之一,又称Slichter模,以重力作为主要恢复力,其本征周期大约为几个小时。从理论模拟结果看,Slichter模的本征周期对于ICB密度差最为敏感,而ICB附近外核流体的粘滞性、内外核之间的过渡层以及Lorentz力等因素对周期的影响很小,Slichter模的研究和检测为了解地球中心附近的密度结构提供重要的信息。     

2012年初秋四川盆地两次西南涡暴雨过程的对比分析与预报检验

利用常规观测和雷达、卫星等观测资料,从天气形势配置、对流活动特征以及预报检验等方面对2012年初秋发生在四川盆地的两次西南涡暴雨过程进行了对比分析研究,重点对直接造成暖区对流性暴雨的MCS活动特征和环境条件进行了分析.两次暴雨过程在天气系统配置上,都具有西太平洋副热带高压强盛稳定、高原槽活跃,以及低层有西南涡生成等共同特点;但由于副高脊线的位置差异、西风带短波扰动强度差异等原因,造成系统移动速度以及降水落区的显著区别.在这两次暴雨过程中MCS都较为活跃,第一次降水过程中的MCS较为稳定,系统移动相对缓慢;第二次过程中出现了MCC,局部单点雨强突出,移动速度也相对较快.分析表明第一次过程湿层相对深厚,对形成强降水非常有利,而第二次过程中垂直切变相对较强,高层存在明显干层,从而形成了更强的层结不稳定性,有利于强对流风暴的形成.两次暴雨过程具有明显的暖区对流性质,不稳定性、LLJ急流轴位置在判断初始对流启动位置上占有更加重要的地位.针对这两次过程的预报检验表明,数值模式在反映暖区对流上存在明显缺陷,而预报员在建立精细化的中尺度天气概念模型指导下,主观预报能够在一定程度对数值预报做出订正,提高对暖区对流性降雨的预报能力.     

一次台风残涡引发的天津局地暴雨中尺度对流过程分析

本文利用欧洲中心再分析资料、FY-2G卫星云导风资料,多普勒雷达组网资料、风廓线、加密自动站资料,分析了2017年8月2日由北上台风残涡引起的天津局地暴雨过程中的中尺度对流过程,研究其触发条件,并探讨了形成原因。结果表明：在局地对流发生前,天津中北部地面附近并没有较好的动力以及湿度条件,且存在扰动逆温,扰动温度负值区（冷垫）厚度达到50 hPa以上,较大的水平风垂直切变在东南斜升气流下,水平涡管发生扭曲,产生垂直涡度,在边界层以上正负涡度之间形成辐合线,触发条件不稳定能量释放,在天津中北部产生局地对流,对流在触发后不断发展并向西北方向移动,与其西北侧线状多单体合并,导致天津北部的短时强降水天气。     

Computational study on near wake interaction between undulation body and a D-section cylinder

We present a numerical study on the hydrodynamic performance of undulation NACA0012 foil in the near wake of D-section cylinder. Computations are conducted using unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a moving adaptive mesh based on laminar flow. Investigations are focused on the effect of distance ratio between foil tip and centre of cylinder (L/D≤2.0) on the thrust/drag performance of foil and cylinder at various foil undulation frequency (St). We found that, foil thrust coefficient (C_t) increases considerably with the appearance of cylinder and an optimal distance exists at which C_t reaches maxima. The maximum increment is about eleven times that of its counterpart of single foil, which is obtained at St=0.23 and L/D=0.5. Our results for the cylinder drag coefficient (C_d) observed the existence of optimal parametric map, combined with various gap ratios and foil frequencies. With these parameters, insertion of an undulation foil can significantly lead to the drag reduction indicating that undulating foil could work efficiently as a passive vortex control device for cylinder drag reduction.     

High-damping, high-Reynolds VIV tests for energy harnessing using the VIVACE converter

The VIVACE converter enhances VIV to harness horizontal hydrokinetic energy of water flows. High-Reynolds and high-damping are required to operate VIVACE in ocean/river currents. Scarce VIV data exist in that parametric subspace. Tests are performed for Reynolds number 40,000<Re<120,000 and damping 0<ζ<0.16 in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water Channel of the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Extensive testing was made possible by building a virtual damper-spring apparatus, which has been system identified and verified with real damper-spring tests. Thus, damping and stiffness are adjusted by software rather than hardware. From the VIV tests, the optimal damping for energy harnessing was found for velocity 0.40 m/s<U<1.10 m/s using spring stiffness 400 N/m<k<1800 N/m. Thus, the VIVACE converter power envelope is developed. The following experimental observations are made: (1) In the high-lift TrSL3 and TrBL0 flow regimes, high-amplitude, high-damping VIV is maintained. (2) VIV strongly depends on Reynolds. (3) The amplitude ratio (A/D) increases with Reynolds number within the upper branch of the VIV synchronization range. (4) In TrSL3/TrBL0, A/D of 1.78 was achieved for a smooth cylinder routinely in low damping. (5) Power density of 98.2 W/m³ at 1.03 m/s (2 knots) is achieved including space between cylinders.     

200hPa辐散环流对台风路径的影响

用一个准地转正压模式，实施了５组时间积分，并研究了不同尺度涡流旋相互作用对台风结构和移动的影响。结果表明，这种相互作用可以激发出台风非对称结构的非规则变化，进而引起路径的蛇行摆动以及台风移速突变等异常现象，较小尺度涡旋位于台风环流的不同方位时，这种相互作用对台风结构和移动的影响可以很不相同。     

改进的精细分辨率雷达探测强对流效果评估

简要介绍了改进精细分辨率雷达所涉及的提高空间分辨率和智能化、快速扫描等技术。利用改进后的雷达精细分辨率数据和原始分辨率数据,对不同强天气类型的探测效果进行了对比分析,结果表明：精细分辨率数据可获得比原始分辨率数据更大的相对径向速度,辐合辐散和速度极值也更明显;获取更为清晰的超级单体结构以及龙卷涡旋特征和龙卷碎片特征等,更早识别出对流单体和雷暴云团;采用精细分辨率数据进行定量降水估计的精度与原始分辨率数据相当或略有提升。改进后精细分辨率数据具有更高的空间分辨率（双偏振）雷达观测特征,在对中小尺度强对流回波监测和识别的实际业务中具有较明显优势。     

Submarine debris flow impact on pipelines — Part II: Numerical analysis

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical analysis was employed to analyze the situations tested experimentally, as described in Part I. The methodology and results of the CFD analyses are discussed and compared with the observations made from the experiments. The numerical model performed satisfactorily with regard to obtaining the impact forces exerted on the model pipe as well as simulating the hydroplaning phenomenon and estimating slurry flow heights. The experimental results were combined with the results of the CFD analyses to develop a practical method to compute the drag force caused by a submarine debris flow impact on a pipeline. The CFD analyses provided some insight to the separated region characterization, but the attempt to analyze the vortex shedding phenomenon as observed in the experiments was unsuccessful. Additional studies are required for better understanding of both the separated region characteristics and vortex shedding.     

Hydrodynamic performance of solid and porous heave plates

Heave plates have been widely utilized in floating offshore structures as they can provide additional damping and added mass to improve the hydrodynamic response of the system. This study investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics (added mass and damping) of oscillatory solid or porous disks using model scale experiments. All experiments were conducted via forced oscillation model tests using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). The hydrodynamic coefficients of the solid or porous disk obtained from the force measurements are analysed and presented. The sensitivities of the damping and added mass coefficients to both motion amplitude and the disk porosity are examined.     

由三性法讨论2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7级地震的中期预测

九寨沟和其周围地区20世纪共发生3次强震,它们在时间轴上符合以42年为周期的三性分布。从1976年松潘地震起算跨越此周期可预测2018年再次发生强震。该地区实际地震前一周期比42年多一年,则从1976年松潘地震起算向新的周期减一年,可预测2017年再次发生强震。