划分水团的模糊密度聚类法

提出不受资料输入顺序影响的模糊密度聚类法。给出模糊点密度的定义与计算方法,并用渤、黄、东海的温盐资料,进行模糊密度聚类计算,对聚类结果及水团划分进行了讨论。     

Wave radiation by a uniform cylinder in front of a vertical wall

In this paper, an exact analytical method is developed for the problem of wave radiation by a uniform cylinder in front of a vertical wall. Based on the image principle, the hydrodynamic problem of a cylinder in front of a vertical wall is transformed into the equivalent problem of double cylinders in unbounded fluid domain. Consequently, an analytical method of eigenfunction expansion is adopted to calculate the radiation of the cylinder due to the motion in surge, sway, roll and pitch, respectively. Moreover, numerical analysis has been carried out in detail in order to discuss the influences of the distance between the cylinder and the vertical wall and water depth on the added mass and radiation damping of the cylinder. It is shown that added mass and damping of the cylinder in front of a vertical wall are evidently different from those in case of the cylinder in unbounded fluid domain from the numerical results. It is also found that the added mass and radiation damping oscillate with wave number, and the oscillating frequency increases with the increasing of the distance between the cylinder and the wall.     

Energy Analysis for TMD-Structure Systems Subjected to Impact Loading

This paper investigates the characteristics of reduction of the lateral vibration by use of a Tuned Mass Damper(TMD) for offshore jacket platforms under impact loading. Unlike traditional analysis, the present analysis focnses on theenergy concept of TMD/structure systems. In this study, a time domain is taken. The platform is modeled as a simplifiedsingle-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system by extraction of the first vibration mode of the structure and the excited force isassumed to be impact loading. The energy dissipation and energy transmission of the structure-TMD system are studied.Finally, an optimized TMD design for the modeled platform is demonstrated based on a new type of cost function - maxi-mum dissipated energy by TMD. Results indicate that TMD control is effective in reducing the standard deviation of thedeck motion but less effective in reducing the maximum response under impact loading.     

Volcanism and archipelagic aprons in the Marquesas and Hawaiian Islands

Geophysical observations demonstrate that the archipelagic apron surrounding the Marquesan hot-spot volcanoes is derived almost entirely from mass wasting processes. Seismic reflection and refraction data constrain the volume of the apron sediments to approximately 200,000 km³, with thicknesses reaching over 2 km in the deep portions of the moat near the edge of the volcanic edifice. Seismic velocities average 4 to 5 km s^–1 in the sediments, and 6 km s^–1 at the top of the underlying basement. Single channel seismic profiles show acoustically chaotic cores in the sediments of the apron, which are interpreted as debris flows from mass wasting events. We deduce that the apron is formed by catastrophic collapses that may involve volumes over 100 km³ tens to hundreds of times during the lifetime of a volcano. Comparison with similar data from the Hawaiian Islands yields the result that the total volume of volcanics and their derived sediments along the strike of the chains is only slightly smaller for the Marquesas, implying comparable eruption rates. However, the ratio of sediment to surface volcanic load is much larger for the latter, leading to an overfilled moat in the Marquesas and an underfilled moat at Hawaii. The much larger size of the Hawaiian islands can be explained as the combined effects of a higher thermal swell, loading a stiffer elastic plate, and proportionately less mass wasting.     

岩质顺层边坡的平面滑移破坏机制分析

沿岩层层面的平面滑动破坏是顺层边坡发生最多、规模很大的一种破坏模式,根据其顺层滑移的力学机制将平面破坏分为滑移-拉裂型和水力驱动型两种类型。根据平面刚体模型,给出了滑移-拉裂型滑坡的失稳判据,即滑坡的条件为边坡高度要大于临界高度。地下水在顺层边坡后缘张裂隙和滑动面形成的渗流通道中运动时,对滑体将产生3个方面的力学作用：张裂隙静水压力、滑动面扬压力和拖曳力。根据水力-驱动型滑坡的计算分析表明,边坡后缘张裂隙充水高度直接决定了3种水压力的大小,当张裂隙充水高度达到临界值后,边坡在水压力作用下发生滑移破坏。     

1996年春季南黄海水文特征和水团分析

利用中韩“黄海水循环动力学及物质输运”合作研究项目第一航次1996初春所获得的CTD资料描述了南黄海初春温、盐和密度的水平和垂直分布特征,分析了水团结构,并揭示了春季在34°～36°N,121°45'～124°E的南黄海西部水域的中层冷水现象。分析结果表明初春黄海暖流上表层开始向济州岛方向退缩,黄海底层冷水团首先在青岛外海形成。     

赣西蒙山岩体地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及地质意义北大核心CSCD

以赣西地区蒙山岩体为研究对象,通过对该岩体地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素的研究,探讨其岩浆物质来源及构造背景。该岩体经历了印支期、燕山期岩浆侵入活动,形成六种岩石类型,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为224.0±2.10 Ma(n=19,MSWD=1.9)、223.0±2.20 Ma(n=21,MSWD=2.6)、222.0±2.80 Ma(n=21,MSWD=2.7)、220.0±1.90 Ma(n=16,MSWD=1.5)、217.0±3.70 Ma(n=8,MSWD=1.8)、142.0±0.98 Ma(n=21,MSWD=1.4),表明岩体经历了印支期、燕山期两期岩浆活动。印支期花岗质岩石地球化学具高硅富钾、准铝-过铝质特征;微量元素富集高场强元素Zr、Hf、Th、U和稀土元素La、Ce、Sm、Nd、Y,明显亏损Rb、Ba、Sr、Ti、P;稀土元素分馏程度不高,δEu介于0.03~0.15,具强Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显,稀土配分曲线呈“V”型;为同源岩浆演化的特点。CaO/Na_(2) O比值<0.3、Rb/Sr>5,岩石二阶段模式年龄T DM2主体介于868~1465 Ma,为中-新元古代,εHf(t)对应的T DM2值显示,岩体物源起源于成熟地壳,后期有大量新生地壳物质的加入,表明岩石来源于含水矿物(如白云母、绿帘石/黝帘石)的脱水反应导致成熟度高地壳物质的熔融而形成。在花岗岩构造环境判别图上,投于碰撞大地构造背景上的花岗岩和造山后花岗岩类(POG)区域,锆石U-Pb年龄表明成岩时段滞后于印支运动高峰期(258~243 Ma),为受印支运动造成华南地壳加厚滞后,地壳进入伸展阶段,减压熔融形成的花岗质岩浆。     

硫化物矿物中痕量元素的激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱微区分析进展

第一行过渡金属元素及痕量贵金属元素高度富集在硫化物矿物中,常形成具有工业意义的矿床,使得硫化物具有重大的经济价值。对天然硫化物矿物中的这些痕量金属元素丰度及其分布的研究,在矿石成因学、经济地质学、环境地球化学等领域具有重要的应用价值。激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区分析技术是一种强大的痕量元素分析工具,非常适合直接分析硫化物矿物中痕量元素的浓度及其空间分布。由于硫化物的激光剥蚀特性与硅酸盐及氧化物不同,分析校准用的标准物质又极度缺乏,严重阻碍了这一技术在硫化物矿物微区分析中的应用。本文评述了硫化物简介、硫化物中痕量金属元素分析的意义、LA-ICP-MS微区分析技术在硫化物矿物痕量元素分析中的优势及近年来的应用进展、硫化物分析中的干扰与校准、包含铂族元素及金的硫化物标准物质的研制进展及合成硫化物标准物质最有应用前景的方法。     

内蒙古乌努格吐山斑岩型铜钼矿床元素迁移定量探讨

元素的富集贫化是矿床中固有的客观规律.在以往相关研究中,研究者们多从定性的角度对此进行讨论,定量研究不够系统.本文以内蒙古乌努格吐山斑岩型铜钼矿床为例,利用 Grant 方程,定量探讨了该矿床蚀变围岩中元素的带入、带出特征.结果表明,不同元素的质量迁移在矿化蚀变范围内表现出一定的规律性,相对于原岩而言,各蚀变带中Cu、Mo、Au、Ag、W、Sn、As、F、Hg、S等表现为明显的带入特征,而CaO、Na2O、TiO2、Zr、Ba、Sr、Rb和REE则表现为明显的带出特征.这些元素的带入带出导致矿床及蚀变围岩中元素的富集贫化.元素质量迁移定量计算思路和方法,为地球化学勘查向定量化方向发展提供了可行的途径.