STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING AN AIR MASS TRANSFORMATION MODEL IN TAIYUAN

An AMT-model,consisting of a trajectory model and a one-dimensional boundary layer model,is tested fortrajectories arriving in Taiyuan to study the possibility of using it in Taiyuan.The sensitivity of the model tothe different processes was studied.Some parameters of the model were modified for the purpose of forecast-ing in specific mountainous terrain and dry climate conditions.Results of examples which we have workedout for Taiyuan circumstances for the periods of July(summer)1985 and January(winter)1986,show that the12h runs of the AMT-model are able to reproduce(on historical data)the sounding of Taiyuan.The AMT-modelcontributes fruitfully to short-range weather forecasts(12—36h ahead)during periods of severe air pollution andwhen cold waves occur.     

On the scavenging of SO2 by cloud and rain drops: IV. A wind tunnel and theoretical study of the absorption of SO2 in the ppb(v) range by water drops in the presence of H2O2

An experimental study involving the Mainz vertical wind tunnel is described where the rate of SO₂ removed from the air by freely suspended water drops was measured for SO₂ concentrations in the gas phase ranging between 50 and 500 ppb, and for various H₂O₂ concentrations in the liquid phase. In a first set of experiments, the pH inside the SO₂ absorbing drops was monitored by means of colour pH indicators added to the drops. In a second set of experiments, the amount of SO₂ scavenged by the drops was determined as sulfate by an ionchromatograph after the drops had been removed from the vertical air stream of the wind tunnel after various times of exposure to SO₂. The results of our experimental study were compared with the theoretical gas diffusion model of Walcek and Pruppacher which was reformulated for the case of SO₂ concentrations in the ppbv(v) range for which the main resistance to diffusion lies in the gas phase surrounding the drop. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory was obtained. Encouraged by this agreement, the theory was used to investigate the rate of sulfate production inside a drop as a function of pH. The sulfate production rate, which includes transport and oxidation, was compared with the production rate based on bulk equilibrium, as cited in the literature.     

Time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass

Summary The strength of intact rock and the rock mass is time-dependent. For intact rock experimental verification is available, for the rock mass the scale of time-dependence is a matter of judgement. Rock mass classifications do however emphasize the effect of time on tunnel stability. This paper examines the source of time-dependence in rocks and the rock mass and suggests a technique for estimating the long term strength. The long term strength of the rock mass is controlled by the time-dependent weakening of intact rock. Frictional resistance, a major source of rock mass strength, increases rather than decreases with time. Lifetime estimation for rocks can be accomplished phenomenologically or mechanistically. The first is a statistical process of wide applicability, the second is more restrictive in usage as its applies only to materials that suffer time-dependent strain (creep). Although the mechanistic route is more appealing, it has a major drawback as it concentrates on steady state creep. There is no strong evidence for steady state creep in rocks. The technique for long term prediction is developed through the analysis of the failure rate under constant load. The failure rate for a given load and environment is established from the frequency distribution of time-to-failure data as measured in static fatigue tests. As expected, the failure rate is strongly affected by both the loading and the environmental condition. The influence, however, is systematic and predictable.     

低Peclet数下剪切流中气溶胶粒子的传质率

本文研究了低Péclet数下剪切流中气溶胶粒子的传质率。Péclet数(Pe)是物质浓度的对流输送项对分子扩散项的比。它等于Reynolds数(Re)与Schmidt数的(Sc)之积。本文应用奇异扰动方法得到了无因次传质率Nu(Nusselt数)在小Péclet数条件下的四项渐近展式，因而?改进了前人的结果。     

The New Meteorite Fall of Yanzhuang—A Severely Shocked H6 Chondrite with Black Molten Materials

At 21:45 hr (Beijing time) on Oct. 31, 1990 the Yanzhuang meteorite hit the ground at the Yanzhuang village, Wenyuan County, Guangdong Province. Several fragments, totalling 3.5 kg, were recovered during the field survey. This meteorite is a rare one of its kind due to its heavily shocked features and thick veins made up of black molten materials. Olivine and low-calcium pyroxene are compositionally homogeneous with Fa=18.59, Fs=16.35 and Wo=1.29. The chemical composition (total Fe=28.0%) and recrystallized texture of the chondritic mass show that the Yanzhuang is an H6 chondrite. The black molten materials occur in the form of blocks (up to 2×3×4 cm in size) and veins (0.1–15 mm in width), and contain a lot of rounded and elliptic FeNi-FeS blobs (up to 6–10 mm in length). The metal in these blobs exhibits distinct dendritic structure characteristic of rapid cooling. Unmolten and molten samples are very similar in chemical composition, fitting well with the average H-chondrites. Partial melting and FeNi/FeS-silicate separation have not been observed in the molten materials of the Yanzhuang. This project was financially supported by the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.     

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Stem wood of the Angiosperm Calluna vulgaris (Scotch heather), isolated at different depths from a selection of raised bog peat deposits, was chemically characterized using in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). Light microscopy was performed to relate mass spectrometric characteristics with anatomical features. Peatified wood samples, isolated from increasing depth show a gradual decrease in carbohydrate content. This decrease in anatomically reflected in a selective removal of secondary cell wall material from the fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma. During prolonged peatification a selective removal of hemicellulose sugars is observed, while a part of the cellulose fraction is preserved. This highly resistant cellulose is mainly located in the secondary cell walls of the vessels. The lignin macromolecule is preserved, but a gradual decrease in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) is observed during peatification. Because no increase in catechol and phenolic compounds is observed, we conclude that S/G shifts are due to removal the of syringyl-rich secondary cell wall material and the retention of guaiacyl-rich compound middle lamella. Small chemical changes in the lignin macromolecule involve shifts in oxygen substitutions on the aliphatic side chains of the methoxyphenolics and the occurrence of aromatic acids.     

钱塘江流域的地球化学质量平衡研究

从地球化学角度出发，对钱塘江流域的物质平衡关系及起控制作用的化学风化反应进行了探讨和计算。结果表明，降雨提供了河水中大部分的Ｋ~＋、Ｎａ~＋和ＳＯ~２－＿４。另外，灰岩地区碳酸钙的溶解反应提供了河水中大部分的Ｃａ~２＋和ＨＣＯ~－＿３，硅酸盐岩地区钠长石和黑云母生成高岭石的风化反应提供了剩余的Ｋ~＋、Ｎａ~＋、Ｈ＿４ＳｉＯ＿４和大部分的Ｍｇ~２＋及少量的ＨＣＯ~－＿３。石膏和白云石的风化反应控制了ＳＯ~２－＿４和Ｍｇ~２＋的平衡，其中碳酸钙的溶解反应占主导地位。流域的化学侵蚀率和机械剥蚀率分别为０．０２２和０．０７１（ｋｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１），碳酸盐岩区的物质流出量是硅酸盐岩区的２倍。     

Petroleum isoprenoid hydrocarbons derived from catagenetic degradation of archaebacterial lipids

The three GC coeluting C₄₀ bis-phytanes with head-to-tail, tail-to-tail and head-to-head linkages considered to be archaebacterial markers, have been recognized in petroleum by enhanced mass-fragmentography. Supporting evidence has been obtained by the simultaneous occurrence of two C₂₁–C₂₄ series of isoprenoid and quasi-isoprenoid hydrocarbons that are supposedly formed during the catagenetic degradation of the isomeric C₄₀ isoprenoids. The C₂₁–C₂₄ quasi-isoprenoid hydrocarbons have been identified conclusively for the first time by comparison with authentic standards.     

北京房山花岗闪长岩体及其附近现今应力状态分析

由本区实测原地应力资料分析认为,总体呈北东走向的八宝山、黄庄-高丽营断裂带总体活动性质为顺时针扭动。断裂带不同地段的实测应力状态各具的特征,不同于京津唐地区实测主压应力的主导方向。运用弹性理论的应力叠加原理计算出断层附近的附加应力状态,则显示了总体呈北东走向的断裂带存在张性反扭活动分量,大灰厂和牛口峪地段断层也存在同样特征。认为自唐山大震后,本区应力状态仍处于调整阶段。测得的较深部位的应力状态也似乎受到了构造活动的影响     

格尔木冲洪积扇地下水锶物质流通量分析

在分析格尔木含锶矿水田供锶环境和水迁移条件的基础上，将形成含锶矿水田的地质空间分为两个区：山区淋溶迁移区和平原迁移聚集区，运用物质流通量分析的观点，对锶的迁移聚集进行了系统分析，山区为锶矿水的形成提供了物质环境，平原区为锶矿水提供了贮存环境。