跨孔观测地震数据的速度重建

利用矢量射线追踪正演模拟技术 ,计算地震波传播的路径及走时 ,进而利用射线走时及路径的内插 ,发展了弯曲射线迭代反演技术 .该方法可用来重建井间地层的速度图像 .基于所发展的方法 ,我们对两种较为复杂的典型地质模型进行了井间速度重建 .结果表明该方法是一项快速、高精度的跨孔数据速度重建技术     

THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING IONOSPHERIC TEC BACKGROUND FIELD BASED ON SVR MODEL

There are many factors related to the variations of TEC, and the changes of TEC caused by earthquake only occupy a small portion. Therefore, it is vital how to exclude the ionospheric interference of non-seismic factors accurately in the process of seismic ionospheric anomaly extraction. This study constructed a TEC non-seismic dynamic background field considering the influence of solar and geomagnetic activities. Firstly, the TEC components of half-year cycle and annual cycle are extracted by wavelet decomposition. Then, it establishes a regression model between TEC in which periodic factors are removed and solar activity index, geomagnetic activity index with SVR method(support vector regression)in non-seismic period. Finally, based on the constructed model, the solar activity index and geomagnetic activity index is used to reconstruct aperiodic components of TEC in earthquake's period. From the reconstructed aperiodic components of TEC plus the half-year periodic components and annual periodic components of TEC in the same period, the non-seismic dynamic background field is obtained. Comparing the residuals relative to original TEC values in non-seismic dynamic background field and traditional sliding window background, there are apparent monthly periodic change and semi-annual periodic change in the residuals of sliding window background, which can have obvious impacts on the subsequent seismic ionospheric anomaly detection. In order to test the validity of seismic TEC anomaly detection based on the background field construction method, this paper investigated the long time series TEC anomalies near Wenchuan city(30°N, 100°E)from March 1 to September 26 in 2008. It is found that under the condition of non-seismic disturbance such as solar activity and geomagnetic activity, TEC abnormal disturbance is rarely detected by non-seismic dynamic background field method, when compared with the traditional sliding time-window method. And before the earthquake, more TEC anomalies were detected based on the proposed method, also, they were more intense than those extracted by sliding window method. Therefore, the TEC background field construction method based on SVR(support vector regression)has superiorities in both system errors elimination, which are caused by solar, geomagnetism, the non-seismic ionospheric disturbance events and periodic fluctuations of TEC, and in reducing the false alarm rate of seismic TEC anomaly. Moreover, it can also improve the seismic TEC anomaly detection ability. In addition, this paper analyzed the time-spatial distribution of TEC anomaly before three earthquakes on May 12, August 21 and August 30, 2008. They were mainly negative abnormal perturbations and often distributed on the equatorial side of epicenter.     

基于移动激光扫描点云特征图像和SVM的建筑物立面半自动提取方法

建筑物立面是城市地物的重要组成部分,而移动激光扫描是获取城市地物三维信息的重要手段之一。本文提出了一种基于移动激光扫描点云的建筑物立面半自动提取算法。该方法首先构建研究区水平网格;然后计算局部点云几何特征,并且将特征投影到水平网格生成点云特征图像;接着基于支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）对建筑物立面网格进行粗提取;最后使用网格属性（形状系数、网格面积、最大高程）对粗提取结果进行过滤,并将结果反投影到三维空间中得到精确的建筑物立面。以卡内基梅隆大学的移动激光扫描点云进行试验后表明,本算法能够较好地提取出建筑物立面,提取精度为84%,召回率为90%,数据修正后精度为88%,召回率为91%。通过与现有算法对比,本文提出的算法具有较高精度。     

A practical formulation for estimating the extreme vector excursion of a floating structure

In the design of a moored floating structure, the traditional approach is to assess the extreme surge and sway responses separately. This paper highlights the importance of considering the extreme lateral excursion, based on the vector sum of the surge and sway offsets, and an approximate formula is developed for this purpose. The method allows for first- and second-order platform motions, as well as mean offsets. The extreme vector excursion is expressed as a simple function of the maximum surge and sway responses, and the correlation coefficient between the two motions. The proposed approximation is benchmarked against more rigorous methods, including time domain simulation. It is found that provided the estimates for the surge and sway extremes are precise, the formula itself does not induce significant errors in the extreme vector excursion. Moreover, it is observed that the prediction tends to be conservative. The practicality of the proposed formulation makes it amenable for incorporation into an existing design code or analysis procedure.     

Comparing the Kalman filter with a Monte Carlo-based artificial neural network in the INS/GPS vector gravimetric system

Rigorous physical and mathematical analysis has been intensively developed to obtain the gravity disturbance vector from the inertial navigation system and the global positioning system. However, the combination of the observation noise and the systematic INS errors make it very challenging to accurately and efficiently describe the dynamics of the system with rigorous equations. Thus, the accuracy of the gravity disturbance estimates, especially in the horizontal components, is limited by the insufficient error models. To overcome the difficulty of directly modeling the systematic errors with exact mathematical equations, a Monte Carlo based artificial neural network is successfully applied in the moving base gravimetric system. The computation results show significant improvement in the precision of all components of the gravity disturbance estimates.     

一种贝叶斯和支持向量机相结合的相关反馈策略

相关反馈技术在提高图像检索性能方面发挥着重要作用,但图像检索过程中的相关反馈存在反馈次数过多,反馈效果不够理想等问题。为解决上述问题,提出一种贝叶斯和支持向量机相结合的反馈算法。实现方法是:用贝叶斯分类器对图像库进行分类,达到压缩图像库的目的,然后用支持向量机分类器对压缩之后的图像库进行分类,并反馈最终结果。研究结果表明,与支持向量机和贝叶斯算法相比,在很少的反馈次数下,该方法明显提高了反馈效果。     

支持向量机方法在郑州冬季气温趋势预测中试应用

将气候预测中常用的74项环流特征量进行归一化处理后,与郑州市冬季气温进行相关普查,利用SVM(SupportVectorM ach ine)两类分类方法,同时考虑气温的年代际变化,建立郑州冬季温度距平趋势预测推理模型,并对因子个数多少和年代际变化对预测模型的影响进行了试验。试验结果表明:用25个和15个因子分别建模时,产生最优模型时样本平均Ts评分均为56%,但后者预报准确率为75%,较前者提高了10%。用20世纪50年代和60年代做试验集,效果较好,产生最优模型时的样本Ts评分和预报准确率较高;用90年代做试验集,效果较差。     

考虑地应力的洞室围岩块体稳定性分析的理论与实践

地下洞室围岩的稳定性状态，在很大程度上受围岩应力状态决定，以前的地下洞室岩稳定性分析，一般仅考虑在自重作用下的稳定性状态。而吻略了地应力地围地应力对围岩稳定性的影响，所得结论往往偏于保守。     

不同降维策略下的高光谱影像多特征分类

由于物体表面的空间分布通常是富有规律且局部连续的,在高光谱影像分类中应充分利用其光谱和空间信息.本文在对高光谱影像立方体进行降维处理的基础上,提出了一种联合空域和谱域信息的高光谱影像高效分类方法.首先,分别选用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和正交投影波段选择(Orthog...     

支持向量机模型在火山岩储层预测中的应用——以徐家围子断陷徐东斜坡带为例

火山岩储层的发育程度是控制徐家围子断陷火山岩气藏的重要因素,但火山岩储层以岩性复杂、横向变化快、井间可对比性差为特点,火岩储层的准确识别、厚度的精确描述是火山岩气藏勘探开发的难题.针对这一难题,作者提出在专家优化地震属性组合的基础上确定支持向量机模型,进而预测火山岩储层厚度.该技术在实际应用中取得了良好效果,预测的火山...