渤海海冰中太阳辐射的光谱特征观测研究

通过采用多光谱仪器,对渤海营口港一带的近岸固定冰进行了3个站位11个谱段的入射辐射、反射辐射和透射辐射随时间变化过程的观测和研究。结果表明,发生在海冰中的反射辐射和透射辐射与入射太阳辐射的谱分布有明显差别,而且有显著的日变化。文章确立了入射辐射、反射辐射和透射辐射随时间的变化与太阳高度角的正弦成精确的线性关系,海冰的积分反照率与太阳高度角的正弦满足二次函数关系,可将不同时刻的观测值归算到正午时刻的辐射值,使不同时刻的观测结果具有可比性。计算结果表明,海冰只衰减特定强度的辐射,衰减量与入射辐射光谱分布以及辐射的强度无关,导致绿光的透射辐射最强。该文是对渤海海冰透射辐射的初步尝试,所获得的结果对未来大范围海冰光学观测打下了基础。     

阳江核电厂附近海域生物辐射影响评价研究

随着辐射防护理念的发展,环境中生物所受到的辐射影响日益引起人们的关注。本文使用ERICA项目中推荐的辐射影响评价方法,对阳江核电厂运行后对附近海域中海洋生物的辐射影响进行预测和评价。剂量率估算结果显示,阳江核电厂的液态放射性流出物对附近海域海洋生物造成的辐射剂量率不会超过7.47×10–3µGy.h–1,远低于国际上推荐的保护生物的辐射剂量率控制值,也低于本底辐射剂量率,因此,阳江核电厂正常运行后对附近海域中的海洋生物不会造成不利的辐射影响。     

1998-2002年中国地表太阳辐射的时空变化分析

地表太阳辐射是陆气能量交换过程中重要的物理参数和生态参数,利用卫星数据反演地表太阳辐射对于全面认识地表太阳辐射空间差异性和年际变化特征具有重要的意义。本文利用GMS-5静止气象卫星数据反演了中国区域1998-2002年地表太阳辐射值,在此基础上分析了我国地表太阳辐射的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)青藏高原的地表太阳辐射最大,川黔地区最小,都位于北纬22^~35°这一带除川黔地区外,地表太阳辐射从东向西增强,西部随纬度升高而减小,东部以长江流域最小,向南北增加,西南最大,北部次之,至东北地区随纬度升高而减小(2)各月地表太阳辐射量分布复杂,最小值都出现在12月,但最大值出现时间受雨季影响很大,珠江、长江一带主要在雨季过后的7月,华北、东北和青藏高原主要出现在雨季前的6月及5月,西南地区则在季风雨季前的4-5月(3)5年来东部沿海地区地表太阳辐射增加了13.71%(+4.37W/m²·a),西藏高原地区地表太阳辐射减少了9.31%(-3.47W/m²·a),全国地表太阳辐射平均减少了0.84%(-0.27W/m²·a)。     

北极和南极表面温度对中低纬度海洋热强迫的响应

利用耦合了平板海洋模型的全球气候模式进行了大量的格林函数实验,以探究两极地区对于施加在中低纬度海域的热强迫的气候响应。结果表明,北极地区的气候不仅受到距离较近的北太平洋与北大西洋的影响,远离北极的热带太平洋以及南太平洋也对其气候有显著的影响,南极地区的气候则主要是受到邻近的南大洋的影响。通过经验正交函数法的进一步分析发现,北极响应最显著的区域包括波弗特海(Beaufort Sea)、拉普捷夫海(Laptev Sea)以及北极中心区附近;南极地区的响应主要集中在别林斯高晋海(Bellinsgauzen Sea)区域。另外,利用温度归因法对辐射反馈过程和大气能量输运分解发现,北极地区表面温度的响应主要是受到了反照率反馈以及垂直递减率反馈的影响,而南极地区的响应则主要是反照率反馈发挥了作用。     

扇贝多肽在体外对免疫细胞活性的影响及其抗紫外线的氧化损伤作用

采用噻唑盐（MTT）比色方法研究在紫外线辐射损伤条件下扇贝多肽对免疫细胞的保护作用，并探讨扇贝多肽对胸腺细胞和脾细胞活性的影响，结果表明，扇贝多肽具有抗紫外线氧化损伤的作用，可减轻或抑制紫外线对胸腺细胞和脾细胞的氧化损伤，并且呈剂量依赖性，扇贝多肽在0.5%-10.0%的浓度范围内，其抗氧化能力随浓度的增高而增强，在正常条件下可显著增强免疫细胞的活性，并且可拮抗雌激素对免疫细胞的抑制作用。提示扇贝多肽不仅具有抗氧化损伤作用，而且具有免疫增强使用。     

海洋光合有效辐射分布的计算模式

针对一类海水，采用美国标准大气模型和一类水体海洋生物-光学特性的半分析方法，建立了海洋光合有效辐射计算模式。模式比较全面地考虑了大气、海-气界面和水体的光辐射传输过程，能较好地用于分析叶绿素浓度以及光辐射场的角分布对光俣有效辐射分布的影响。对模拟结果的分析以及与实测结果的比较表明，该模式能较好地应用于计算衰减系数、光谱辐照度随深度的分布、光合有效辐射随深度的分布和真光层深度，在海洋生态系统的光动力学研究和水色遥感方面有效好的应用前景。     

Solving the linearized forward-speed radiation problem using a high-order finite difference method on overlapping grids

The linearized potential flow approximation for the forward speed radiation problem is solved in the time domain using a high-order finite difference method. The finite-difference discretization is developed on overlapping, curvilinear body-fitted grids. To ensure numerical stability, the convective derivatives in the free-surface boundary conditions are treated using an upwind-biased stencil. Instead of solving for the radiation impulse response functions, a pseudo-impulsive Gaussian type displacement is employed in order to tailor the frequency-content to the discrete spatial resolution. Frequency-domain results are then obtained from a Fourier transform of the force and motion signals. In order to make a robust Fourier transform, and capture the response around the critical frequency, the tail of the force signal is asymptotically extrapolated assuming a linear decay rate. Fourth-order convergence of the calculations on simple geometries is demonstrated, along with a nearly linear scaling of the solution effort with increasing grid resolution. The code is validated by comparison with analytical and semi-analytical solutions using submerged and floating closed-form geometries. Calculations are also made for a modern bulk carrier, and good agreement is found with experimental measurements.     

Exact solution and approximate solution of irregular wave radiation stress for non-breaking wave

Wave radiation stress is the main driving force of wave-induced near-shore currents. It is directly related to the hydrodynamic characteristics of near-shore current whether the calculation of wave radiation stress is accurate or not. Irregular waves are more capable of reacting wave motion in the ocean compared to regular waves.Therefore, the calculation of the radiation stress under irregular waves will be more able to reflect the wave driving force in the actual near-shore current. Exact solution and approximate solution of the irregular wave radiation stress are derived in this paper and the two kinds of calculation methods are compared. On the basis of this, the experimental results are used to further verify the calculation of wave energy in the approximate calculation method. The results show that the approximate calculation method of irregular wave radiation stress has a good accuracy under the condition of narrow-band spectrum, which can save a lot of computing time, and thus improve the efficiency of calculation. However, the exact calculation method can more accurately reflect the fluctuation of radiation stress at each moment and each location.     

Radiation pressure — a stabilizing agent of dust clouds in comets?

The internal dynamics of an illuminated dust cloud of finite optical thickness is investigated. The dependence of the radiation pressure on the optical depth makes the individual particles oscillate, in one dimension, around the accelerated centre of gravity of the cloud. The cloud moves as an entity, irrespectively of the velocity dispersion of the particles and their efficiency for radiation pressure. If the optical depth does not change, i.e. if the cloud does not expand laterally, its lifetime is unlimited. A contraction caused by energy dissipation in mechanical collissions between the dust particles is expected. The range of particle sizes which can be transported by such a “coherent cloud” is estimated, as well as the acceleration of the whole cloud. The structure of the cloud in real space and in velocity space is investigated. A comparison with the “striae” observed in the dust tails of great comets shows that the parent clouds of these striae may have been of the kind considered.     

中国太阳能热发电站选址模型研究

太阳能热发电技术在我国新世纪能源战略中具有重要地位,太阳能热发电电站位置的合理选择对发电成本有直接影响,涉及到太阳能热发电技术本身、高时空分辨率的太阳能法直辐射分布、土地利用分布、水资源分布、社会经济分布,以及政策税收等众多因素。本文提出了一个太阳能热发电站选址的决策支持系统框架,就其中的太阳能直法辐射调查进行了初步试验。本文依据供需时空平衡原则进一步讨论了多种绿色能源互补的大能源系统运筹问题。