“天绘一号”卫星地面应用系统设计与实现

介绍了“天绘一号”卫星地面应用系统在中国航天测绘装备建设中的地位和作用, 重点介绍了“天绘一号”卫星地面应用系统的功能、组成、工作流程和产品设计, 以及系统的技术特点、实际运行情况以及测绘能力, 展示了数据处理成果, 为了解天绘卫星工程建设情况, 提供基本参考。     

基础地理信息数据库的快速出图技术

针对当前地图制图自动化程度较低以及工作强度大的特点,通过分析国家基础地理信息数据编码特征以及制图工艺流程,依托基础地理信息数据库,本文提出基于地图专家知识模板的快速制图解决方案,解决注记自动配置以及符号复用等快速制图关键技术,最终服务于应急出图以及大批量的工程化出图,并在1∶250 000公众版地图出图中得到了推广应用。     

Samar i R ros-traktene

The article explores whether marine biodiversity mappings can contribute to the mapping of the material basis of Sami culture. Four different mapping practices are analysed in the article, all related to the seascape in the Lyngen fjord (Lyngenfjorden) in northern Norway. Initiatives undertaken by the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries and the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) to map cod spawning grounds, and by the Sami Rights Commission (SRC) to map customary use of a fjord are compared with local fishing practices. Although the seascape was initially mapped to find spawning grounds (the IMR and the Directorate) and to record social practices (the Directorate and the SRC), the outcomes also express social relations between the mappers and the mapped materials. Whereas the mappings that included fishermen's relations with fishing grounds are compatible with each other, the marine scientists' mapping documented biodiversity independent of local relations with it. The author argues that the marine environment should be seen as expressing social relations between groups of people and certain materialities instead of as separated in natural and social layers. Thus, even though marine biodiversity mapping practices reveal biodiversity in Sami settlement areas, they inform little about the material basis of Sami culture.     

Rule-based GIS-modelling for management purposes: A case study from the islands of Froan,Sør-Trøndelag,mid-western Norway

The coastal heath region along the western coast of Norway, dominated by Calluna vulgaris, is undergoing rapid change. Vegetation changes are caused by changes in management, including reduced frequency or abandonment of periodic heath burning and reduced cutting and grazing. The islands of Froan, in the outermost part of Sør-Trøndelag County in mid-western Norway, are dominated by coastal heath in a state of recession due to reduced traditional land use. The coastal heath is acknowledged as vulnerable and valuable by national environmental authorities, and local landscape management is supported by different national subsidies. The authors mapped the vegetation on Froan and used rule-based GIS-modelling to predict the relative potential for future vegetation changes. The model was based on a range of map layers, including management themes such as history of heath burning and peat removal, current practices of sheep grazing, and also themes derived from the vegetation map, such as soil nutrients, soil moisture and present management status. The resulting model output provides relative probabilities of future changes under different land-use scenarios, and highlights where management efforts should be focused in order to maintain the traditional landscape character.     

CASS软件实现全数字测图编辑一体化

探讨应用专业AutoCAD软件功能解决DLG测绘产品的数据编辑技术,实现全数字摄影测量与后端计算机编辑一体化工艺流程技术。讨论使用CASS测绘软件批量修改数据的图层、编码、图块、线型等信息的技术方法,提高测绘数据处理能力。     

Outlines of New Global Geochemical Mapping Program

<正>Since 1988,great efforts and enthusiasm had been paid by applied geochemists in the implementation of global geochemical mapping through the International Geological Correlation Program's Projects 259 and 360,and the Task Group on‘Global Geochemical Baselines' established by the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS),in collaboration with the International Association of Geochemistry(IAGC).But how to use extremely low-density sampling to obtain a global picture of the distribution of most elements in the periodic table in a reasonably short time is still a great challenge faced by the applied geochemistry community.It will depend on the continuous development of new mapping concept,and the advisable and courageous innovation of methodology for searching other suitable sample media and sampling layout.Based on the encouragement results obtained from the representativeness study of delta sediments conducted at the mouth of Yangtze River,and at the mouths of its four major tributary,it is expected to broadly apply the geochemical fractal self-similarity nature to main rivers and their estuaries with catchments up to hundreds of thousands or over a million square kilometers in the world.With this new mapping concept,a new outlines of a Global Geochemical Mapping Program was advanced and the establishment of an International Research Center of Global Geochemical Mapping was also suggested to facilitate the programs implementations.     

航空视电阻率填图技术在内蒙古自治区二连浩特～东乌旗地区应用研究

利用HDY-402型三频补偿式航电系统,在内蒙古自治区二连浩特～东乌旗地区获得的实测数据,通过反演计算,将实测的航空电磁场数据转换成反映地下地质体的视电阻率(ρs),根据ρs值的差异及分布趋势,以1:200000地质图为先验条件,对内蒙古自治区二连浩特～东乌旗地区进行了岩性构造填图,显示了该技术良好的应用效果。     

压裂微震数据的快速读取及可视化

压裂微震数据采集具有采样时间长,以及采样间隔小的特点,采集得到的数据量很大。因此数据的读取和显示,需要一些特殊的方法,进而能有效地分析数据中的微震事件。针对微震数据的特点,这里运用LOD(Level of Detail)和内存映射,来实现微震数据快速读取和可视化,为精确反演微震事件奠定了基础。     

Use of regionalized stormflow coefficients with a view to hydroclimatological hazard mapping

Abstract

An attempt was made to compensate for the lack of long hydrological time series and the lack of information on maximum streamflow in the Alzette River basin (Luxembourg) via the regionalization of stormflow coefficients. Streamflow data recorded since 1995 with a very dense streamgauge network allowed the determination of maximum stormflow coefficients in 18 sub-basins of the Alzette. The stormflow coefficients were then regionalized via stepwise multiple regression analysis for 83 different sub-basins of the Alzette. Combined with 10-year daily rainfall heights (statistical estimation), this regionalization allowed the spatial variability of storm runoff in the Alzette basin to be mapped, thus providing a view of hazard and risk-producing areas, as well as of risk-exposed areas. In a basin with little historical hydrological information this technique can help identify areas where storm runoff reducing measures should be applied from the outset.     

复杂野外地质属性数据的快速采集方法探讨

研究、开发计算机辅助填图系统的野外数据采集子系统的关键是要解决快速采集数据的问题。通过编制特别的野外数据录入专用软件 ,把数据库的前端和后端分离 ,使用多数据表单界面录入技术和标准词条的屏幕提示录入技术 ,大量使用组合快捷键 ,采用动态数据模型技术 ,综合集成先进设备和空间坐标的实时自动捕获等方法 ,可以有效提高野外地质数据的采集速度。