Pyrolysis-high resolution gas chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of kerogens and kerogen precursors

A series of kerogens and kerogen precursors isolated from DSDP samples, oil shales and Recent algal mats have been examined by Curie point pyrolysis-high resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study has shown that the three main types of kerogens (marine, terrestrial and mixtures of both) can be characterized using these techniques. The marine (algal) kerogens yield principally aliphatic products and the terrestrial kerogens yield more aromatic and phenolic products with some n-alkanes and n-alkenes. The yields of n-alkanes and n-alkenes increase and phenols decrease with increasing geologic age, however, pyrolysis-GC cannot be used to characterize the influence of short term diagenesis on the kerogen structure.     

Baseline levels of benzo(a)pyrene in southern California mussels

Marine mussels accumulate the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene from contaminated environments. Baseline studies in California indicate that levels of the carcinogen in mussels are at or near zero, except in areas of human activity. This finding runs counter to previous suggestions that benzo(a)pyrene is widely distributed in marine organisms.     

Stable carbon isotope evidence for two sources of organic matter in coastal sediments: seagrasses and plankton

Organic carbon from sediments collected in Texas seagrass meadows was enriched in ¹³C by an average of 6.6% relative to organic carbon from offshore sediments. Within the South Texas hay system examined. δ¹³C values became increasingly more typical of offshore sediments with increasing distance from seagrass meadows. This permits the use of carbon isotope data as a measure of the relative contributions of seagrasses and plankton to sedimentary organic matter.     

Correspondence analysis of water quality data: Implications for fauna deaths at Stillwater Lakes, Nevada

Over the last 2 years, more than seven million fish and 16,000 birds have died from drought-induced disease and suspected poisoning at Stillwater Lakes, Nevada. Correspondence analysis of water samples taken in June and September 1986, from lakes and reservoirs near Stillwater Lakes and four background lakes/reservoirs (not associated with fauna disease and death), is attempted to investigate the correlation among sites associated with fauna deaths. This analysis identifies high correlation between some Stillwater Lakes sites and boron. A correlation between boron and arsenic is also identified. Leaching and transport of toxins to the Stillwater Lakes system is one hypothesis to explain the wildlife deaths. Other hypotheses include the direct introduction of toxins by groundwater associated with geothermal activity. A natural cause for the wildlife deaths is also suggested, a cause not associated with the introduction of toxins.     

Variability of sediment diatom assemblages in an upland,wind-stressed lake (Loch Fleet,Galloway, S.W. Scotland)

The variability of diatom distribution in an acidified, upland wind-stressed lake (Loch Fleet, Galloway, S. W. Scotland) was assessed by analysis of 28 surface sediment samples and 11 cores. Correspondence analysis (CA) and cluster analysis were used to illustrate the variability of the surface sediment and core samples. There was reasonable uniformity of taxa in most of the surface sediment samples, although 7 samples, as indicated by both CA and cluster analyses were atypical. Most cores recorded clearly the acidification of the lake, although percentages of individual taxa varied up to 20% between cores. Two cores had old, preacidification diatom assemblages (of indeterminate age) close to the sediment surface. These old sediments were probably the source of the re-worked diatoms found in the atypical surface sediment assemblages. Diatom trends, as CA ordinations and pH profiles, were less variable than the surface sediment assemblages. It is argued that non-uniform sediment accumulation rates and diatom deposition cause variability in surface sediment diatom samples. This variability may be reduced in core profiles by homogenization during further resuspension/deposition cycles and burial. Cores, and the associated time component they offer, may be useful in assessing the variability of surface sediment assemblages.     

适应任意形状铁路隧道LiDAR点云的断面差异分析方法

针对三维激光扫描技术在铁路隧道超欠挖分析和收敛分析等应用中如何能对任意形状隧道LiDAR点云进行断面差异分析的关键问题,本文提出了一种适应任意形状铁路隧道LiDAR点云的断面差异分析方法。该方法先建立铁路隧道设计断面统一模型,提出实测断面点与设计要素对应关系判定方法,对从隧道LiDAR点云中提取出的断面在铁路隧道设计断面统一模型中逐点确定所对应的设计要素,并计算出断面在对应设计要素上的径向投影点到设定的起算高程面与设计断面左侧交点的弧长,根据弧长对断面进行排序,最后根据设定的采样步长对有序的断面进行采样得到实测断面,进而计算出实测断面相较于设计断面的偏差量。通过3组具有代表性的不同断面隧道模拟点云数据对提出的算法参数最佳取值进行试验,试验结果不仅给出了算法参数的最佳取值,也论证了本方法可以对任意形状铁路隧道LiDAR点云进行断面差异分析。     

文登市全面推行“三全”执法责任制

为加强做好国土资源执法监察工作,文登市国土资源局在认真贯彻落实好国土资源部执法监察各项规定的同时,在建立健全村级土地协管员、信访信息员、土地监督员的基础上,全市全面推行＂分级负责,层层监管＂的执法新机制,动员全社会力量参与国土资源管理,变国土部门一家管为大家管,扭转了国土资源执法监察工作的被动局面,是当前做好国土资源执法监察工作的有效途径。     

深度学习支持下的宅基地复垦项目真实性智能审查技术研究与应用

全域综合整治背景下的宅基地复垦项目审查是保证复垦项目合法性合规性的有效手段,针对当前宅基地复垦项目审查效率低的问题,本文提出了基于遥感影像的农村宅基地复垦项目立项真实性审查方法。首先以重庆市农村宅基地复垦项目为例,建立宅基地复垦项目立项真实性审查模型,利用改进的U-Net模型准确提取建筑物,然后与复垦红线叠加实现复垦项目真实性的智能审查。试验结果表明,该方法能够快速准确地审查复垦项目真实性,对优化土地结构、促进土地流转、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义,可为全域综合整治背景下宅基地复垦项目真实性审查提供技术参考。     

Zooplankton community structure in relation to environmental factors and ecological assessment of water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River

To study the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors and water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River, investigations were carried out in June, August, and October 2011. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） and saprobic indices were used to process and analyze the data. Seasonal variability was identified as a significant source of variation, which explains the fluctuation in zooplankton density. In autumn, the dry season, water residence time increased and zooplankton biomass and abundance accumulated in the slow flowing waters. Zooplankton abundance increased when food conditions improved. Therefore, the total zooplankton abundance in autumn is much higher than that in spring and summer. According to the saprobic indices, all the sample sites had mesosaprobic water and water quality was worse in autumn. CCA revealed that temperature accounted for most of the spatial variation in the zooplankton community. Moreover, pH, dissolved oxygen saturation, and turbidity were important factors affecting zooplankton community distribution.     

安徽池州杨北寨铜矿与铜山铜矿等矿床的比较研究

杨北寨铜矿、施村金矿位于湖区,可利用的工作方法手段有限,找矿难度大。通过将以往所取得的两矿区片段地质资料的结合,在区域地质背景分析和与相邻的铜山铜矿成矿地质条件对比研究的基础上,明确找矿思路,进行预测定位,并经有效可行的物探方法再对比论证,优化设计方案。施工首孔于相应的设计部位打穿五通组顶板,各预测主要见矿部位均见矿体;其后的验证又获得很多重要发现:深部发现花岗闪长斑岩岩体、斑岩型钼矿化及赋存于不同部位的铜多金属矿化。经再次与相邻矿集区铜陵狮子山等矿田对比研究,认为杨北寨矿区具"多位一体"矿化特征,找矿潜力大,提出新的找矿思路,进行了新的预测定位;同时对池州其他地区的找矿也提出设想。