昌黎地磁台数字仪与模拟仪数据比较

利用模拟仪和GM3磁通门磁力仪、FHD-1核旋仪对2002年、2003年的数据进行了日值差值比较、基线值及其精度分析、极大极小值相关分析,探讨模拟仪与数字仪存在的差异及原因,得出数字仪产出资料的内在质量高低和影响数据质量的主要因素,得出数字仪改造是成功的,在观测技术不断完善的将来,数字仪是完全能代替模拟仪的.     

岩石圈板块变形物理模拟研究进展综述

岩石圈板块变形物理模拟是对板块构造演化的近似再现,代表了板块构造研究的一种主要方向。自然原型向实验模型的转换是模拟的理论基础,包括原型流变剖面的确定,原型与模型间比例关系的选取,实验模型流变剖面的建立。基于流变剖面的流变模型的结构为实验模型建构不仅提供了几何学、运动学以及动力学等方面的信息,而且在物质材料选取上提供物性方面的指导。文章最后对相关技术进行了阐述,并就华南-华北大陆板块碰撞模拟的关键问题进行了探讨。     

连续雾霾天气污染物浓度变化及天气形势特征分析

利用MICAPS资料、地面观测资料、NCEP资料和衡水市环境监测站细颗粒物(PM2.5)及PM10浓度资料,对2013年1月衡水市出现的连续雾霾天气从PM10及细颗粒物浓度演变、雾霾天气污染物浓度与地面要素关系、中低层环流形势特征进行了分析,结果表明:1)雾霾天气期间06:00(北京时间,下同)至07:00和16:00至21:00为PM10和细颗粒物浓度较低时段,PM10最大值出现在15:00,细颗粒物最大值出现在02:00,两者并不同时达到极值。2)雾霾天气污染物浓度与地面湿度并不是简单的正相关或负相关关系,还和许多其它因素有关。3)衡水市污染源主要来源于工业污染源、扬尘污染、冬季燃煤采暖、局部污染源及区域性污染。4)雾霾天气相对湿度和能见度基本呈负相关,气压变化不大,风向频率最多为北到东北风,平均风速一般都在2 m/s以下。雾日时大部分时段为雾和霾的混合物。5)重污染日期间500 hPa为平直偏西气流或西北偏西气流,没有明显的槽脊活动。而污染较轻的时段500 hPa为明显的西北气流控制或有槽脊活动。6)雾霾天气期间大部分日数08:00在850hPa以下都存在逆温层;地面气压场偏弱,尤其河北平原一带基本为均压场。最后对雾霾天气影响及对策进行了简单探讨。     

Turbidite stacking patterns in salt‐controlled minibasins: Insights from integrated analogue models and numerical fluid flow simulations

The sea floor of intraslope minibasins on passive continental margins plays a significant role in controlling turbidity current pathways and the resulting sediment distribution. To address this, laboratory analogue modelling of intraslope minibasin formation is combined with numerical flow simulations of multi‐event turbidity currents. This approach permits an improved understanding of evolving flow–bathymetry–deposit interactions and the resulting internal stacking patterns of the infills of such minibasins. The bathymetry includes a shelf to slope channel followed by an upper minibasin, which are separated by a confining ridge from two lower minibasins that compares well with analogous bathymetries reported from natural settings. From a wider range of numerical flow experiments, a series of 100 consecutive flows is reported in detail. The turbidity currents are released into the channel and upon reaching the upper minibasin follow a series of stages from short initial ponding, ‘filling and spilling’ and an extended transition to long retrogradational ponding. Upon reaching the upper minibasin floor, the currents undergo a hydraulic jump and therefore much sediment is deposited in the central part of the minibasin and the counterslope. This modifies the bathymetry such that in the fill and spill stage, flow stripping and grain‐size partitioning cause some finer sediment to be transported across the confining ridge into the lower minibasins. Throughout the basin infill process, the sequences retrograde upstream, accompanied by lateral switching into locally formed depressions in the upper minibasin. After the fill and spill stage, significant deposition occurs in the channel where retrograding cyclic steps with wavelengths of 1 to 2 km develop as a function of pulsating flow criticality. These results are at variance with conventional schemes that emphasize sequential downstream minibasin filling through ponding dominated by vertical aggradation. Comparison of these results with published field and experimental examples provides support for the main conclusions.     

琼海加积井水位模拟观测与数字观测资料对比分析

通过对琼海加积井数字水位与模拟水位的观测资料进行对比分析,发现其动态变化特征一致,与固体潮的相关系数也基本一致,数据的相关性及内在质量良好,映震能力相当。数字观测具有数据信息量大,传输速度快,人为误差小的优点,可以取代模拟水位观测。     

Patterns and Dynamics of Rifting on Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Slope of the Northern South China Sea:Evidence from 3D Analogue Modeling

Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising,the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified,which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin.From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments,we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset,supposed to be formed with normal lithasphere extension.On the slope,where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upwelling and heating,composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed.The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset.Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere,composite half grnbens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed,whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset,while the inner faults are relatively short.Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature,the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike.When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone,and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress,the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments,which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment,where the Baiyun (白云) sag formed.     

陕西省数字地震台网与模拟地震台网地震参数比较

对1998年1月至2001年12月之间,陕西省数字地震台网与模拟地震台网测定的地震参数作了比较,并进行了讨论。     

Quantitative study on pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation history from central Canada

Based on high-resolution pollen records from lake cores in central Canada, the present study instructed pollen taxa assignations in ecosystem groups and modern analogue technique, reported major results of quantitative reconstructions of vegetation history during the last 1000 years, and discussed the validation of simulated vegetation. The results showed that in central America (115°-95°W, 40°-60°N), best analogue of the modern vegetation is 81% for boreal forest, 72% for parkland, and 94% for grassland-parkland, which are consistent with vegetation distributions of the North American Ecosystem II. Simulations of the past vegetation from the sedimentary pollen showed climate changes during the past 1000 years: it was warm and dry in the Medieval Warm period, cold and wet in the earlier period and cold and dry in the later period of the Little Ice Age. It became obviously increasing warm and drought in the 20th century. The present studies would provide us scientific basis to understand vegetation and climate changes during the last 1000 years in a characteristic region and in 10-100 year time scales.     

Migration of Some Elements and Radionuclides across aGranite-Granite Contact Zone: A Natural Analoguefor Safe Disposal of High-Level Radwastes

Elements and natural radionuclides in the contact zone of two granites with different ages would migrate from one to the other because of the difference in their chemical contents and later water-rock interactions. This migration could serve as an analogue for the near-field process of radwastes in a high-level radwaste deep geological disposal repository.In the contact between the Indosinian granite (whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age at 214@3 Ma) and Hercynian granite (zircon U-Pb isochron age at 296@31 Ma) located in Ziyuan County, Guangxi, the O and Pb isotope characteristics and the activity ratios of 234U/238U, 230Th/238U, 230Th/234U and 226Ra/230Th show that, based on the whole-rock chemical contents, both of the two granites have maintained a relatively open chemical system in their evolution processes. However, as there is no obvious open fault, the migration of major elements, trace elements and natural U-series nu-clides takes place within only 1-2 m in the contact zone, and water-rock interaction     

雾霾天对青岛P M2.5中铁、磷浓度及溶解度的影响

大气气溶胶中铁(Fe)和磷(P)溶解度决定了其沉降入海后对海洋初级生产及固碳能力的影响.本文分析了2017—2018年冬季在青岛采集的PM2.5样品中总态、溶解态Fe(Total Fe,TFe;Soluble Fe,SFe)和总态、溶解态P(Total P,TP;Soluble P,SP)浓度,讨论了雾、雾霾、霾和晴天...