Monthly Variations of Atmospheric Circulations Associated with Haze Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and North China

Haze pollution in early winter(December and January) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and in North China(NC)are both severe;however, their monthly variations are significantly different. In this study, the dominant large-scale atmospheric circulations and local meteorological conditions were investigated and compared over the YRD and NC in each month. Results showed that the YRD(NC) is dominated by the so-called Scandinavia(East Atlantic/West Russia)pattern in December, and these circulations weaken in January. The East Asian December and January monsoons over the YRD and NC have negative correlations with the number of haze days. The local descending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over the YRD, while the local ascending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over NC in January, despite a weaker relationship in December. Additionally, the monthly variations of atmospheric circulations showed that adverse meteorological conditions restrict the vertical(horizontal) dispersion of haze pollution in December(January) over the YRD, while the associated local weather conditions are similar in these two months over NC.     

1960—2009年广西霾日时空变化特征

利用1960—2009年广西80个地面观测站资料,运用EOF、线性倾向估计等统计方法,分析了近50年广西霾日数的时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年广西霾日数总体呈上升趋势,与该地区人类活动和经济发展引起的污染排放增长密切相关;空间分布呈现出主要城市及其周边地区霾日多,边远地区及沿海地区霾日少的特点;广西霾天气主要发生在秋、冬季,以轻微霾 (能见度为5~10 km) 为主,且霾天气发生时的相对湿度8成以上介于70%~90%;除了空气污染之外,近50年风速呈下降趋势可能也导致更多的霾天气。     

基于水电比拟方法的山东南四湖上级湖流场研究

利用水电比拟方法模拟了南四湖流场结构。同时,基于HAMSOM模式,对其流场进行了数值模拟,所得结果与水电比拟结果一致,两者平均相关系数在0.94以上,表明水电比拟实验技术路线可行,流场基本结构准确。该方法适用于低流速大流场的模拟。流场结构分析表明,湖区流速在汛期为cm/s量级,非汛期仅为mm/s量级。其中,在南阳湖北部...     

综合优势相似法在短期气候预测中的应用

综合优势相似法是建立在相似因子群的多项相似与动态相似基础之上的，因此更能反映大气天气过程的实际演变，其预测趋势可最接近天气气候实况。综合优势相似法中相似和不相似这两个预报时段的气象序列的对比分析和严格检验是不可缺少的一部分，只有相似和不相似两者呈显著差别，才能认定相似有效，以相当高的可信度保证了预报的客观性和可靠性。综合优势相似法操作简便，在2002年濮阳和2004年郑州汛期降水趋势预报中效果良好，可作为目前短期气候预测业务中的基本工具。     

改进HOT的高分影像自动去薄云算法

为了有效去除薄云对高分光学影像造成的干扰,解决传统算法自动化程度低、去薄云效果不理想的问题,提出改进的薄云最优化变换(Improved Haze-Optimized Transformation,IHOT)算法。首先采用暗原色先验知识从薄云影像中自动选取晴空区,运用薄云最优化变换检测薄云,再创新性地利用植被区域云检测精度较高的特点改进检测结果,最终使用虚拟云点法进行薄云去除。利用高分一号影像进行实验,证明该文提出的算法能够有效地去除薄云对高分影像的影响,尤其对人造地物的色彩和纹理信息恢复效果优于传统算法。     

Simulation of equatorial wind field patterns with TAPM during the 1997 haze episode in Peninsular Malaysia

The large‐scale forest fires that occurred during the major El Niño event in 1997 can be counted among the worst environmental disasters in Southeast Asia. This study investigates atmospheric mesoscale features over Sumatra and the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia during the resultant haze episode of September 1997 utilizing a limited area mesoscale three‐dimensional meteorological and dispersion model, The Air Pollution Model (TAPM). Mesoscale features that would not be highlighted by global numerical prediction models, such as the daily land and sea breeze conditions at the selected air pollution stations located near the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, were predicted with an Index of Agreement of 0.3, which implied a moderate conformity between the predicted and observed values. Tracer analysis of air particles at a selected location in the Straits of Malacca verified the existence of the landward and shoreward movement of the air during the simulation of the low‐level wind field. Air pollutants from the burning areas of neighbouring Sumatra just across the straits were transported towards the Klang valley during the daytime and seawards during the nighttime, highlighting the recirculation features of aged and newer air particles over the seven days (13–18 September) of the model simulation. The presence of the central Main Range east of the Klang valley to a certain extent limited further eastward movement of the air particles. Near calm conditions at low levels were simulated from midnight to midday on 14 September, where the movement of the polluted air particles from the uncontrolled burning in Sumatra was confined within the Straits of Malacca. Turbulence within the planetary boundary layer in terms of the total kinetic energy was found to be weak from 14 to 15 September, congruent with the weak strength of low level winds that reduced the ability of the air to transport the pollutants during the period of severe smoke haze. Statistical evaluation showed that parameters such as the systematic RMSE (root mean square error) and unsystematic RMSE for the zonal wind component were slightly higher than for the meridional one, indicating higher errors between the observed and simulated zonal values. Otherwise, the equatorial meteorological parameters such as wind speed and temperature were successfully simulated by the model with comparatively high correlation coefficients, lower RMSEs and moderately high indices of agreement with observed values.     

软岩井巷喷射混凝土抗渗机制及模拟试验研究

针对豫西滑动构造区软岩巷道在喷射混凝土支护条件下的抗渗性能问题,从立方定律基本理论着手,结合地下水层流渗透特点,按照不同的施工条件进行了黏结面渗透性能的模拟试验,并导出了相应的计算公式。通过试验结果的对比和分析,可以清晰了解到岩性、粗糙度、界面剂和大型刻槽等各种影响因素之间相互作用的过程和机理。即：（1）黏结面作为结构上的薄弱面,其渗透性要远远大于岩体和混凝土本体的渗透性,而粗颗粒软岩黏结面的渗透性也要远远大于相应的细颗粒软岩;（2）限制岩体结构面的粗糙度、使用各种界面剂以及布置适当的人工刻槽均能提高黏结面的抗渗性能;（3）岩体结构的荷载条件是黏结面渗透性能的一个重要影响因素。     

汕尾市雾霾天气的能见度多时间尺度特征分析

根据汕尾气象台1961～2003年共43 a的常规气象观测资料,对汕尾市雾霾天气的能见度多时间尺度特征进行了分析.结果表明,汕尾市雾霾天气能见度的时次变化都是在08时次出现最多,在08～14时次逐渐减少,在14时次出现最少;霾天气逐月变化不明显,轻雾和雾主要出现在冬春季节,以春季为多;霾在80年代后出现次数明显增多,而雾则在70年代以后出现次数多,但雾天气年代变化不明显,主要原因可能是城市污染的逐年加重,引起雾霾天气次数明显增多.     

大陆裂谷作用的物理模拟

裂谷作用的物理模拟是研究大陆裂谷系统的几何结构与动力学机制之间关系的一种直观有效的手段。对正向裂谷作用、斜向裂谷作用以及两期作用先后叠加模拟过程中,断裂系统发育的特征进行了综述。目前这些实验结果已被用于解释天然裂谷的形式,并根据断层方向的统计分析推导伸展向量的大致方向。     

热带山区高时空分辨率NDVI融合精度及其影响因素分析

高时空分辨率NDVI时序数据作为遥感应用中的重要数据源,对土地覆被动态变化监测具有重要意义,特别是在地表高程变化显著、气候条件复杂、景观异质性强烈的热带山区。虽然当前学者们提出了诸多时空数据融合模型,但针对这些模型在热带山区的NDVI数据融合精度及其影响因素分析尚不多见。对此,本文选取3类时空数据融合方法(权重函数法、概率统计法和多种混合法)中具有代表性的4个模型:STARFM(Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)、RASTFM(Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)、ESTARFM(Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)、BSFM(Bayesian Spatiotemporal Fusion Model)(STARFM、ESTARFM为权重函数法;BSFM为概率统计法;RASTFM为多种混合法),选择位于我国热带山区的纳板河流域作为研究区。对融合模型的...