鲨肝刺激物质类似物基因在大肠杆菌中的表达与产物活性分析

构建了鲨肝刺激物质类似物基因片段的原核表达载体质粒 (pET-sHSS) ,转化大肠杆菌后通过IPTG诱导获得原核表达产物 ,并利用凝胶层析方法对表达产物进行了分离纯化 ;进一步利用MTT比色法研究了该重组产物对肝癌细胞株SMMC -7721的增殖影响。结果表明 ,在1mmol/L的IPTG的诱导下 ,鲨肝刺激物质类似物基因片段在大肠杆菌BL21菌株中获得表达 ,表达产物的相对分子质量大小约为17500u,占菌体可溶性蛋白总量的38%左右 ;纯化后的产物在低浓度下 (<50ng/L)具有明显刺激SMMC7721细胞株增殖的活性 ,高浓度下 (>100ng/L)则明显抑制该肿瘤细胞株的生长 ,与天然鲨肝刺激物质的生物活性类似     

Palynofacies classification of submarine fan depositional environments: Outcrop examples from the Marnoso-Arenacea Formation,Italy

Basin floor fans contain some of the largest deep-water hydrocarbon accumulations discovered, however they also demonstrate extremely complex stratigraphic architecture, understanding of which is crucial for maximum recovery. Here we develop a new method, based upon palynofacies analysis, for the distinction of the different depositional environments that are commonly associated with basin floor fans. Previous studies and our sedimentological analysis allow good confidence in the discrimination of the different depositional environments of the outcropping Marnoso-Arenacea Formation fan system. One hundred and thirty-five samples were collected from mudstones in conjunction with sedimentary logging of 871 m of outcrops. Six lithofacies associations are described and interpreted to represent lobe axis, lobe fringe, fan fringe, contained interlobe, basin plain, and starved high depositional sub-environments. Palynofacies of these elements demonstrate turbidites to be rich in terrestrial organic matter, with sixteen categories of matter recognised. The abundances and proportions of particles varies between sub-environments, with lobe axis deposits containing the largest, densest particles, with a transition to ever smaller and lighter particles moving toward the basin plain. Fuzzy C-means statistical analysis was used to explore this trend. Distribution of organic matter is not random, but is dominated by hydrodynamic sorting and sequential fall-out of particles as turbidity currents passed across the basin. This allows a palynofacies classification scheme to be constructed to assist the identification of depositional environments of submarine fans, which may be combined with subsurface data to assist reservoir characterisation.     

Insights into the formation of rock varnish in prevailing dusty regions

The characteristics of rock varnish from the Campo de Piedra Pomez (CPP, Andes Argentina) provides new insights into the development of rock varnish under severe dusty conditions. The CPP varnish has been analysed using SEM‐EDAX and Raman techniques. The rock coating is tens of microns in thickness and under the microscope shows a micro to cryptocrystalline appearance and a general granular texture. Silica (quartz, cristobalite and amorphous silica) is the main phase forming these coverings followed by Al, K and Na compounds. Minor Fe oxides and Mn oxides are the source for the orange (Fe) and brown (Fe and Mn) hues of the coating. The results obtained for the CPP coating show that desert varnish developed under dusty circumstances does not have the appearance of typical rock varnish. Textural characteristics include high crystallinity and granular arrangement of the components. Moreover the absence of typical microlaminations is related to the presence of aeolian mineral grains which inhibit their development. The main mechanism of formation of rock varnish under such environmental circumstances is the direct incorporation of aeolian mineral grains into the varnish. However, other physicochemical processes are also required to explain the formation of varnish components such as amorphous silica or iron oxides phases. Although the development of the desert varnish may act as a protector of the underlying pyroclastic rock, the extreme and persistent windy conditions in the CPP field are high enough to weather and erode not only the rock coating but also the original ignimbrite. As other warm desert sites on Earth, the CPP area can also be considered as possible terrestrial analogue to Mars. Some environmental attributes might be similar to those expected on the Martian surface and thus, textural similarities between the CPP varnish and the rock varnish‐like coating of Mars are likely. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乌鲁木齐霾天气PM10单颗粒物理化学特征

为了解乌鲁木齐冬季污染天气形成过程中大气颗粒物化学组分的变化,探讨霾天气快速形成的主要原因,应用扫描电镜/X射线能谱仪(SEM/EDX)对2013年2月乌鲁木齐东南郊一次典型霾天和正常天气所采集的大气颗粒物(PM₁₀)样品进行了微观形貌和化学组成的对比分析。结果表明:伴随着霾形成过程细粒子浓度呈现急剧上升趋势,PM_1.0/PM₁₀比值高达0.77。SEM/EDX观测显示,霾天形成前后,PM₁₀的形态结构和元素组成存在较明显的差异,霾天规则的石膏颗粒占规则颗粒的71.1%,明显高于正常天气,表明大气颗粒物的硫化现象比较普遍,大量硅铝酸盐飞灰说明采样点周边有较明显的燃煤源输送;二次无机颗粒组成主要为硫酸盐颗粒,由正常天气的16.1%增加到24.6%,高浓度硫酸盐与乌鲁木齐东南郊此次霾形成有密切的联系。     

秸秆焚烧导致的江苏持续雾霾天气过程分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,从污染情况、环流背景、地面气象要素特征、水汽、热力及动力条件等几个方面对江苏2012年6月中上旬持续雾霾天气进行了分析。结果表明:江苏及周边省市秸秆焚烧造成大量的气溶胶粒子悬浮于空中,是造成江苏出现持续不同程度的霾天气的主要原因,同时也为雾滴形成提供了丰富的凝结核;中高层冷空气强度未能完全破坏底层相对稳定的层结,较小的风速和较大的湿度有利于雾霾的发展,重度霾或雾风速多在3 m/s以下,且相对湿度在80%以上。频繁的弱降水过程对雾的形成和霾的加重起到了重要的作用;低层的逆温或近中性层结的维持,为雾霾持续存在提供了有利的层结条件,且浓雾形成主要有辐射贴地逆温和平流逆温两种形式;垂直上升运动与雾霾的发展之间有着互相影响的紧密联系,在具备一定的水汽条件时,底层弱的上升运动有利于雾体的向上发展从而促进雾的加浓。后向轨迹模拟雾霾相对较严重的6月10日污染轨迹表明沿江和苏南地区污染物浓度上升除了本地悬浮颗粒物外,安徽境内的污染物的输送也是一个重要因素,而北部地区更多还是本地的污染源。     

On-chip earthquake simulation model using potentials

A two-dimensional (2-D) Cellular Automata (CA) dynamic system constituted of cells-charges has been proposed for the simulation of the earthquake process. The CA model has been calibrated with the use of real data. The calibration incorporates major seismic characteristics of the area under test. The simulation results are found in good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the recorded Gutenberg–Richter (GR) scaling relations. The model is enriched with a powerful multi-parameter interface that enables the user to load real data from different regions. This paper examines the on-chip realisation of the model and its instrumentation. The CA model hardware implementation is based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic. It utilises an array of 32 × 32 cells. Parameters that construct the local CA rule constitute the input data. The initial seed, which to some extent corresponds to the seismic features of the area under test, is loaded in a semi-parallel way and the process is completed in a certain number of time steps. The automatic response of the processor provides the corresponding GR scaling law of the area under study. The hardware implementation of the CA-based earthquake simulation model is advantageous in terms of low-cost, high-speed, compactness and portability features. It can operate as a preliminary data-acquisition filter that accelerates the evaluation of recorded data as far as its origin time, spatial and magnitude completeness and quality are concerned. Software that performs reliable automatic phase picking, as well as data elaboration, can be assembled next to the earthquake recording instruments (the whole network) output to assure a quick and reliable iteration of the focal parameters of a recorded earthquake (epicentre coordinates, focal depth and magnitude). The dedicated processor can be accommodated right after this stage (before any manual elaboration) focusing on the near real-time development of a reliable qualitative dynamical seismic record and a mapping of the seismic characteristics of the area.     

Early Analogue Modeling Experiments and Related Studies to Today's Problems of Geo-electromagnetic Exploration

As I learned it from extensive geo-electromaguetic analogue modeling experiments, some specific nonconventional interpretation parameters, in certain conditions, give more detailed information about the geometry of subsurface resistivity inbomogeneities than the routinely used parameters. In this article, I show several examples, and I present how these early results influenced our later research. An enhanced geometric sensitivity may be due to special array geometry (as we call It "null array"), or it may be due to a narrow and very special frequency range (Le., the so-called "keyhole" range). Nonconventional but physically based interpretation parameters (like the Poyuting vector) or higher order invariants of resistivity or impedance tensors may also give useful additional information about the shape of subsurface bodies. One should be very careful in their application because a large part of these nontroditioual approaches are strongly constrained by measuring errors and geological noise.     

1961—2012年中国冬半年霾日数的变化特征及气候成因分析

利用全国664站1961—2012年逐日霾观测资料、降水量、平均风速和最大风速资料,分析中国霾日数变化特征及其气候成因。结果表明：我国年霾日数分布呈明显东多西少特征,中东部大部地区年霾日数在5～30 d,部分地区超过30 d,西部地区基本在5 d以下。霾日数主要集中在冬半年,冬季最多,秋季和春季次之,夏季最少,12月是霾日数最多的月份,约占全年霾日数的2成。我国中东部地区冬半年平均霾日数呈显著的增加趋势（1.7 d/10a）,霾日数显著增加时段主要在1960年代、1970年代和21世纪初,在1970年代初和21世纪初发生了明显均值突变。从区域分布来看,华南、长江中下游、华北等地霾日数呈增加趋势,而东北、西北东部、西南东部霾日数呈减少趋势。持续性霾过程增加,持续时间越长的霾过程比持续时间短的霾过程增加更为明显。不利的气候条件加剧了霾的出现。霾日数与降水日数在中东部地区基本以负相关为主,中东部冬半年降水日数呈减少趋势（-4 d/10a）,表明降水日数的减少导致大气对污染物的沉降能力减弱。另一方面,霾日数与平均风速和大风日数以负相关为主,而与静风日数则以正相关为主,冬半年平均风速和大风日数减小,静风日数增加,表明风速减小导致空气中污染物不易扩散,从而更易形成霾天气。     

地理国情普查成果应用实践与探索

分析了地理国情普查和监测的内涵、意义及其成果、产品,并针对当前的热点问题,对地理国情普查成果的应用进行了探索,为确立测绘地理信息部门新的发展方向奠定了良好的研究基础。     

基于暗原色的航空遥感影像薄雾去除与改进

本文对航空遥感影像的薄雾进行了研究,根据雾图像成像模型和基于暗原色先验知识,结合图像对比度的自适应调整,提出了一种对航空遥感影像薄雾去除的改进算法。采用数字航空相机DSS439获取的不同地物特征类型的应急遥感影像进行去雾实验,并对实验结果进行分析、比较与评价,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。