南京一次重霾天气纳米气溶胶观测研究

为加深对南京地区重霾天气过程纳米尺度气溶胶物理特征的了解,对2017年12月21-25日的一次重霾天气过程进行了综合探测,利用宽范围粒径谱仪观测了此次过程中10～1000 nm颗粒物数浓度,并结合能见度等气象要素,对重霾期间纳米气溶胶谱分布进行了分析.结果 表明:此次霾重污染过程出现在低温、高湿、气压上升期间;与非重污...     

Dynamic Analysis of Yinggehai Basin through Analogue Modeling

INTRODUCTIONYinggehai basin lies between the Indochina plate and theSouth China plate,it develops along the southeast elongationof the Red River fault zone. Complex structures,hugesediments,ultrahigh pressure and hot fluid diapirs make it aworldwide hot spot.Most of the research work has been donein the Neogene strata and the areas along the edges of thebasin. Because of the huge depth of the sediments,thelimitation of seismic exploration and the special geophysicalposition,it is very h…     

居民活动视角的城市雾霾灾害韧性评估 ——以南京市主城区为例

基于居民活动视角解读城市雾霾灾害韧性潜在的人地关系内涵,以南京市主城区进行韧性评估的实证分析,提出针对性韧性提升策略。结果表明：① 主城区雾霾灾害韧性整体处于处于低水平,现状建成环境适应性效果有限。② 居民活动扰动性、建成环境适应性分别呈现冷热“多核”圈层集聚、“带状”集聚的空间特征,两者匹配失衡导致霾灾害韧性的空间分异不显著且大部分地区水平较低。③ 居民活动扰动性主要受雾霾严重性的直接或间接影响,建成环境适应性受生态减霾性、设施避霾性影响均较大,雾霾灾害韧性则更受居民活动扰动性影响。雾霾灾害韧性的建设应针对性地提升建成环境适应性或降低居民活动扰动性,并注重两者在空间优化措施上的匹配。     

山东省霾日时空变化特征及其与气候要素的关系

利用山东省70个台站1961-2005年地面气象观测资料,运用EOF等统计方法,对山东省45 a来霾日数时空变化的气候特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：山东省年平均霾日空间分布呈现鲁中、鲁南的部分地区多,鲁北、半岛大部地区少的特点。霾主要发生在秋冬季。过去45 a,山东省霾日数总体具有较强的上升趋势,2000年后略下降;霾天气发生时能见度主要在5～10 km,相对湿度主要为70%～90%;霾日数的变化与气温成正比,与降水量、风速呈反比。     

工程类比法在海底隧道岩石覆盖厚度研究中的应用

海底隧道岩石覆盖层厚度是海底隧道选线中的关键因素,其确定方法目前还没有统一的标准。结合海底隧道岩石覆盖层厚度确定中的关键因素,应用隧道设计常用的工程类比方法,借鉴已有的海底隧道工程或类似工程的设计经验对隧道岩石覆盖层厚度的初步确定进行了研究,并将其应用于实际工程,得出合理的隧道岩石覆盖层厚度的范围。研究方法对同类工程的初步设计有参考价值。     

Passive‐roof thrusting in the Messinian Vena del Gesso Basin (Northern Apennines,Italy): constraints from field data and analogue models

We present the results of a study of the Vena del Gesso Basin (Romagna Apennines, Italy) integrating field analyses and analogue modelling. This basin represents one of the best‐preserved top‐thrust basins in the Northern Apennines foreland and is one of the few examples where primary evaporites, related to the Messinian salinity crisis of the Mediterranean, widely crop out. The structural style affecting the Messinian gypsum is examined to get insights into the mechanism responsible for the overall deformation features recognizable in the area. The evaporites are completely detached at the base and widespread back‐thrusts, repeatedly doubling these deposits, strongly contrast with the regional forelandward vergence of structures in the Apennines. On the basis of the comparison between field data and experimental results, the features characterising this area can be described as the result of the deformation linked to the sequential activation of an obliquely propagating passive‐roof duplex. Analogue models evidenced the major role played (1) by syntectonic erosion that promoted the development of passive‐roof duplex style, as well as (2) the role of décollement level pinch‐out that determined an oblique progression of deformation. Finally our data lead to reconsider the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction concerning the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多时次多尺度波谱相似预报风要素

利用1975～2004年500hPa高度和850hPa温度格点场的历史资料,分别计算出不同纬度带的超长波和长波合成波,以此作为风要素预报的基本资料。根据谐波分析原理,结合相似系数法和相似距离法建立一套多时次、多尺度波谱相似预报模型,并提出相似离度概念。经过近两年的运行试验,该预报模型运行稳定,检验结果表明,对于由风压定律制约的风要素预报具有较大的参考作用,在大尺度天气形势控制下,与当地地形、地貌结合形成的风要素预报不失为一种简便易行的风向风速预报方法。利用多时次多尺度动态相似法制作风要素预报既考虑了物理量场不同尺度的空间相似,又考虑了连续时间的过程相似,因此这对中期天气过程的预报是有意义的。     

天气形势对哈尔滨市空气质量影响的初步研究

应用2000～2003年哈尔滨市三年来空气污染物浓度资料,研究空气质量与天气形势的关系,总结出哈尔滨市冬春两季空气污染的主要天气形势特征,研制了哈尔滨市空气质量天气图客观预报方法。     

Fault-controlled dolostone geometries in a transgressive–regressive sequence stratigraphic framework

This study investigates the geometries of fault-controlled dolostone geobodies and their structural and sequence stratigraphic controls, which provide new insights for the prediction and production of fault-controlled dolomitized hydrocarbon reservoirs. A very thick succession (>1600 m) of Aptian–Albian shallow-marine carbonates of the Benassal Formation that crop out in the Benicàssim area (Maestrat Basin, eastern Spain) is partly replaced by dolomite, resulting in dolostone geometries ranging from massive patches to stratabound bodies. Detailed mapping, systematic logging and correlation were carried out to characterize the structural, sedimentary and sequence stratigraphic framework of the area and to constrain the principal controls on the full-range of dolostone geometries. The results show that carbonate sediments accumulated in a half graben stacked in three transgressive–regressive sequences. Large-scale massive dolostone patches (with up to kilometre extension) formed near large-scale faults indicating that they acted as entry points for warm dolomitizing fluids into the basin. These dolostone patches laterally pass to large stratabound bodies that extend for long distances (at least 7 km) away from feeding faults, forming a continuum. The presence of a regional unconformity and a clastic fine-grain low-permeability unit (Escucha Formation) on top of the Benassal Formation likely constrained the dolomitization fluids to an up to 580 m thick interval below the base of the Escucha Formation. Thus, only limestones within this interval, corresponding to the two uppermost transgressive–regressive sequences, were dolomitized. There is a clear relationship between the stratigraphic framework and the preferred replaced beds. Dolomitization preferentially affected sediments deposited in inner to middle ramp settings with predominant wackestone to packstone textures. Such facies are laterally most abundant in the east of the study area (i.e. basinward) and vertically in layers around the maximum flooding zone of the top sequence, which is preferentially affected by dolomitization.     

北京2013年雾霾天气特点和服务应对措施

对2013年1月北京出现的持续严重雾霾天气的成因及特点做了分析,结果表明持续雾霾天气是由于稳定的层结、持续偏南风及较低的气温共同影响造成。依据服务经验,重点对雾霾天气的预报和服务措施进行了细致的分析。在预报上,利用气象部门数值模拟和天气预报的技术优势,针对雾霾的区域性分布特点,为政府部门提供准确的预报和直观的产品;在服务上,注意抓好时机,利用气象部门的特殊角色,对政府部门、公众和专业用户,根据他们的需求特点,提供相关的服务。另外,还对今后雾霾服务气象部门需要加强的工作,提出了相关的建议。