物理探查方法在土壤改良中的应用研究

如何快速全面的了解整个改良区的土层分布情况及盐碱化程度,如何对改良的效果进行了有效的检测,是盐碱地改良工作中的所要解决的问题,应用物理探查的方法解决这些问题,证实其在盐碱地的改良工程中是一种可行,有效的方法,并拟在国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目专题－松嫩平原盐碱地综合治理与农业持续发展研究中采用此项技术方法,进行跨学科的技术应用研究。     

孔隙水压力静力触探动态贯入过程的有限元模拟

孔隙水压力静力触探作为一种新型的土体勘测技术已被广泛应用,但是,其机理的研究尚存在很大的不足。笔者系统分析了孔压触探的贯入特征,提出了“孔隙水压力体积基准值”的概念,借此推导出用土体体积变形量计算超孔隙水压力的公式。在此基础上,用轴对称有限单元法模拟探头的动态贯入过程,揭示应力－应变的变化特征,寻找超孔隙水压力生成与消散的规律,对孔压触探的机理进行了研究。     

非饱和土土水特征曲线(SWCC)测试与预测

非饱和土土水特征曲线(SWCC)表示了土中含水量与吸力之间的关系。文章介绍了6种常用方法,各有其适用范围。体积压力板仪可量测最大基质吸力值为1500kPa的干燥曲线和浸湿曲线;超过1500kPa时,可用盐溶液法进行量测;Tem-ple仪可量测基质吸力达100kPa的干燥曲线;滤纸法可用于测量土体的基质吸力与总吸力;Dew-point电位计可用于量测土样总吸力变化,尤其适合渗透吸力的量测;TDR探头适合于量测小于300kPa的基质吸力。用GDS非饱和土三轴仪可以进行SWCC测试,测试范围主要取决于陶土板的进气值。用准确的数学模型对测得的含水量、吸力数据进行拟合,对于预测非饱和土力学性质、渗透系数、抗剪强度及分析边坡稳定性有重要意义。由于准确测试SWCC难度较大,并且测试影响因素较多,所以根据土体孔隙大小分布和颗粒大小分布情况预测SWCC,也是一种较好的方法。     

Characteristics of the Variation of Cross Fault Short-Baseline and Short-Range Leveling in Western Yunnan Earthquake Test Site Before Lijiang M_S7.0 Earthquake

Results of analysis of variation of cross fault short-baseline and short-range leveling in Western Yunnan Earthquake Test Site (WYETS), results show that among five observation stations of cross fault short-baseline and short-range leveling in WYETS before the Lijiang MS7.0 Earthquake occurred in February 1996 only Yongsheng observation station (epicentral distance 82 km) located at Chenghai fault shows great variation about one year before the earthquake. And the nearest observation station, Lijiang (epicentral distance 42 km); presents great coseismic variation, but does not show obvious anomalous variation before the earthquake. There are no significant variations related to the earthquake at the other three observation stations. Two methods are used in analysis of the observed data and some valuable results have been obtained.     

对ECWMF和T639数值模式产品在新疆暴雪影响系统预报能力中的检验

本文使用2009～2012年新疆冬季43场暴雪天气过程中ECWMF和Ｔ639L60（2.5*2.5）数值预报产品预报场资料,通过天气学检验方法,对新疆主要影响系统,即西西伯利亚低槽、乌拉尔山大槽、北方横槽、中亚低值系统和其对应的高空500hPa形势、海平面气压做72小时内的滚动预报场与相对应实况场的检验。检验结果表明：两家模式对于高空500hPa形势场预报都比较好,尤其是48h之内,ECWMF的准确率略高于T639;海平面气压场两家模式的预报准确率均低于500hPa形势场,T639要优于ECWMF,尤其是48h之内,一般海平面气压中心强度的预报值较实况会有偏小3～5hPa的误差,以上结论可较好地指导预报业务。     

CIPP管道修复工程质量控制

本文介绍了CIPP（原位固化法）管道修复技术在国内的应用现状,列举了CIPP技术在施工常见的质量问题,例如：针孔与缺口、起皱和白斑等等。分析了问题产生的原因,针对这些问题,提出了一些解决方案。另外,作者还介绍了美国材料试验学会（ASTM）关于CIPP内衬管性能参数的检测方法,包括弯曲性能、拉伸强度、泄漏试验、分层试验以及抗化学腐蚀试验等。     

温度变化对南京城市电力负荷的影响

应用计量经济学中格兰杰因果关系检验方法,分析了温度变化对中国南京城市用电量和电力负荷的影响,认为南京日平均温度与日最大电力负荷、日用电量之间存在着较显著的相关性.气温变化对日最大电力负荷和日用电量具有不同的季节性和周期性影响,气温对用电量的短期影响最显著,对电力负荷的影响更具明显的季节性特征.通过不同月份电力负荷对气温变化敏感性的分析,进一步揭示了南京市气温变化与电力消费之间的季节变动特征,有利于气象与能源部门共同应对未来气候变化带来的城市能源问题.     

饱和砂土液化的动三轴试验判断与评价

基于动三轴砂土液化试验,采用抗液化剪应力判剐方法和地震反应分析计算结果与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判别方法,对某长江大桥工程场地的饱和砂土液化进行了判断,并对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了不同超越概率下的预测结果。     

基于黄河冲洪积地层试桩试验优化 桩基承载力设计的研究

以山东东营某工程为例,基于黄河冲洪积地层试桩试验成果,对试桩试验、试桩单桩极限承载力实测值与预估值相差较大（6.36%～20.19%）的原因进行分析。建立在相同桩顶标高（-5.7 m）条件下单桩极限承载力实测平均值与桩底标高（可以换算成桩长）的关系曲线,对工程桩桩基承载力设计方法进行优化。根据桩基检测结果,优化后的工程桩在相同桩长、桩径条件下单桩极限承载力实测值与预估值承载力相比提高约10%,达到发掘地质条件的潜力、减少桩数、节省工程造价的目的。相关试验方法、优化桩基承载力设计的方法可为类似地质条件的工程设计及建立区域桩基承载力数据库提供借鉴。     

Trend analysis of major hydroclimatic variables in the Langat River basin,Malaysia

Trend analyses of monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall, air temperature, and streamflow were performed using Mann‐Kendall test within the Langat River basin to identify gradual trends and abrupt shifts for 1980 − 2010. Annual rainfall showed an increasing trend in upstream flow, a combination of decreasing and increasing trends in middle stream flow, and a decreasing trend in downstream flow. Monthly rainfall in most months displayed an insignificant increasing trend upstream. Stations with significant increasing trends showed larger trends in summer than those of other seasons. However, they were similar to the trends observed in annual rainfall. Annual minimum air temperature showed a significant decreasing trend upstream and significant increasing trends in the middle stream and downstream areas. Annual maximum air temperature portrayed increasing trends in both upstream and middle stream areas, and a decreasing trend for the downstream area. Both monthly and seasonal maximum air temperatures exhibited an increasing trend midstream, whereas they demonstrated trends of both decreasing and/or increasing temperatures at upstream and downstream areas. Annual streamflow in upper, middle and lower catchment areas exhibited significant increasing trend at the rates of 0.036, 0.023 and 0.001 × 10³ m³/y at α = 0.01, respectively. Seasonal streamflow in the upstream, midstream and downstream areas displayed an increasing trend for spring (0.55, 0.33 and 0.013 m³/y respectively) and summer (0.51, 0.37, 0.018 m³/y respectively). The greatest magnitude of increased streamflow occurred in the spring (0.54 m³/y). Significant increasing trends of monthly streamflow were noticed in January and August, but insignificant trends were found in May, September and November at all stations. Annual streamflow records at the outlet of the basin were positively correlated with the annual rainfall variable. This study concludes that the climate of the Langat River basin has been getting wetter and warmer during 1980‐2010.